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PHYSICAL SCIENCE EOCT - Final Study Guide GENERAL SCIENCE: 1.) Fill in the SI prefixes for the following phrase: kilo- 1000-King ___-100-Henry _____-10-Died ______-1-By _____-Drinking _____-1/100-Chocolate - ______-1/1000-Milk 2.) Conversions: 1 meter 100 cm 100 grams ___ kilograms 10 ft ____ inches 1200 seconds ___ minutes 3.) What instrument would you use to measure mass? Volume? 4.) Scientific Notation: 102,000,000 = 1.02 x 108 .000000000089=_______ 1.02 x 108= 102,000,000 8.9 x 10-11 =_________ 9.07 x 104 =_________ 90,700 =__________ 1 x 10-4 0.0001 = ____________ = ________ CHEMISTRY: I.MATTER STATE OF MATTER EXPLANATION 1.) Place the following in order from big to small: atom, element, matter, molecule 2.) What is the difference between a compound and an element? 3.) Identify solvent, solute, solution: a. Chocolate milk: b. Milk: c. Chocolate: 4.) What is the difference b/t weight and mass? 5.) Law of Conservation of Mass: 6.) What is the Kinetic Theory: 7.) Label the following units: Quantity Volume Density Temperature Mass Acceleration Force Resistance Speed Energy UNITS II. ATOMS/ELEMENTS/BONDS Components 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) Nucleus 1.) What is in the nucleus: 2.) What are valence electrons? 3.) Label how many valence electrons each Group has: Group 1: Group 2: Group 16: Charge 4.) Group 17: Group 18: What is special about the noble gases: 5.) How are the elements arranged on the periodic table: 6.) If an atom loses an electron it becomes a ______________. 7.) If an atom gains an electron it becomes a ______________. 8.) If an atom has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons it becomes a ____________________. 32 Ge 73 9.) What is the atomic number: ____ What does that represent? _________________ 10.) What is the mass number:____ What does that represent? _________________ 11.) How many: Protons:_____ Neutrons:_____ Electrons____Period:____ 12.) As the elements go down the Periodic Table, what happens to the atoms? 13.) Fill in the Families of Elements: Family Properties Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Halogens Metals Metalloids Non metals Noble Gases Group 14.) Explain the difference between the following bonds: BOND EXPLANATION IONIC COVALENT 16.) Write the chemical formula for the following: Aluminum Oxide: _____ Magnesium Bromide:_____ Dihydrogen Monoxide:_______ Calcium Chloride:______ III. CHEMICAL REACTIONS: 1. Balance the following equations. Label Reactant(s) and Product(s). Label the type of reaction taking place: a. ____N2 + ____H2 ____NH3 _________________ b. ____CuCl2 + ____ Al ____AlCl3 + ____Cu c. ____ Ag2S ____ Ag +____ S8 _________________ _________________ d. ____ NaBr + ____ CaCl 2 ____ CaBr 2 +____ NaCl _________________ _____________ 2.) How many atoms of Hydrogen are on the product side of a ? 3.) How many Aluminum chloride molecules are there in b ? 4.) How many atoms of Silver Sulfide are in c ? IV. RADIOACTIVITY: 1.) Why are elements radioactive? 2.) Explain the 3 types of radiation: TYPE Alpha Particles Beta Particles Gamma Rays EXPLANATION/STRENGTH 3.) Define Half-Life: 4.) Describe the difference between fission and fusion: 5.) What is an isotope? CHARGE 6.) Write the Equation for U-238: Alpha: Beta: V. Matter/Acid Bases. (Solutions and Acid/Base) : 1.) Label the following as solution / solute / solvent: a.)Salt Water: d.) Chocolate Milk b.)Water: e.) chocolate c.) Salt: f.) milk 2.) What is the universal solvent:______________. 3.) Name 3 ways to speed up the dissolving process: 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) Define saturated solutions: 5.) Define unsaturated solutions: 6.) Describe the difference between unsaturated and saturated: 7.) Understand the pH Scale: Label Acid/ Base. 0 1 2 3 4 5 8.) What solution is neutral? 9.) List 3 examples of an acid. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 10.) List 3 examples of a base. 11. ) Bases contain ________ and turn red litmus paper _______ and blue litmus paper ________ 12. ) Acids contain ________ and turn red litmus paper _______ and blue litmus paper ________ PHYSICS VI. MOTION and FORCE: 1.) What is the difference between speed and velocity? 2.) What is the acceleration at: a. constant speed: __________ m/s2 b. gravity: __________ m/s2 3.) What is the speed (in m/s) of aardvark that runs 10 meters every hour? (convert hour to seconds!) 4.) What is the acceleration of a car that goes from 0 to 60 m/s in 30 seconds? (remember units) 5.) Define Net Force: 6.) If the Net Force is 0, the objects have ____________ forces, which do not accelerate. 7.) Newton’s Laws: Law Explanation 1st Example 2nd 3rd VII. WORK and ENERGY CONCEPT Work Mechanical EXPLANATION UNITS Fill in Table: EQUATION Advantage Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Force Weight Simple Machines LEVERS and INCLINED PLANES SIMPLE MACHINE Levers Pulleys Explanation 1st Class: fulcrum in the middle 2nd Class: 3rd Class: Multiple or movable pulleys increase the mechanical advantage. Wheel and axle Inclined Planes Examples 1st: 2nd: wheelbarrow 3rd: Block and tackle Steering wheel Multiply and redirect the force Wedge Screw Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder 3.) The sum of kinetic and potential energy is the _________ energy. 4.) The source of all energy comes from the____________. 5.) Law of Conservation of Energy states: __________________________________________________________________ VIII. Heat 1.) Fill in the Energy Transfer table: Energy Transfer Explanation Conduction Example Lizard on a heat rock Convection Transfer of energy by the movement of fluids (air) (currents) Radiation Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves 2.) Define Specific Heat: 3.) Which substance has the higher specific heat - iron and water: ______________. Which substance will heat up the slowest? _________ 4.) If a substance is a good conductor then the specific heat is ________. 5.) Label the parts of the equation: q =m c T (Include the units!) q= m= c= T= IX. Waves Type of Wave Electromagnetic Wave Definition From Long to Short DRAW R, M, I, V, UV, X, G Longitudinal Transverse 1.) What types of waves do NOT require a medium:________________ 2.) What type of waves DO require a medium:________________________ 3.) Label the following Transverse Waves: Amplitude/Crest/Trough/Wavelength 4.) Define and give an example: a. Reflection: b. Refraction: c. Diffraction: d. Interference: 5.) Compare frequency and pitch? 6.) Compare the speed of light and sound as they travel through a gas to a liquid to a solid? X. Electricity/Magnetism 1.) What type of circuit is this: 2.) What type of cell is a car battery? Dry cell! 3.) What is the unit for the following: a. Resistance _____________ b. Voltage _____________ c. Current _____________ 5.) What is the equation for Ohm’s Law? 6.) What are two ways to transfer electrons to create a charge for static electricity: 7.) Lights connected in a single pathway are considered a ________________ circuit. 8.) Draw a schematic drawing of a simple circuit: 9.) What is the difference between AC and DC? 10.) If a 250 Ω heater has a current of 5.00 A, what is the voltage of the heating element?____________________ 11.) What is an electromagnet? 12.) What are the differences between a motor and a generator?