Download PHYSICAL SCIENCE EOCT

PHYSICAL SCIENCE EOCT - Final Study Guide
GENERAL SCIENCE:
1.) Fill in the SI prefixes for the following phrase:
kilo- 1000-King ___-100-Henry _____-10-Died ______-1-By _____-Drinking
_____-1/100-Chocolate - ______-1/1000-Milk
2.) Conversions:
1 meter  100 cm
100 grams  ___ kilograms
10 ft  ____ inches
1200 seconds  ___ minutes
3.) What instrument would you use to measure mass? Volume?
4.) Scientific Notation:
102,000,000 = 1.02 x 108
.000000000089=_______
1.02 x 108= 102,000,000
8.9 x 10-11 =_________
9.07 x 104 =_________
90,700 =__________
1 x 10-4
0.0001 = ____________
= ________
CHEMISTRY:
I.MATTER
STATE OF MATTER
EXPLANATION
1.) Place the following in order from big to small: atom, element, matter, molecule
2.) What is the difference between a compound and an element?
3.) Identify solvent, solute, solution:
a. Chocolate milk:
b. Milk:
c. Chocolate:
4.) What is the difference b/t weight and mass?
5.) Law of Conservation of Mass:
6.) What is the Kinetic Theory:
7.) Label the following units:
Quantity
Volume
Density
Temperature
Mass
Acceleration
Force
Resistance
Speed
Energy
UNITS
II. ATOMS/ELEMENTS/BONDS
Components
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.) Nucleus
1.)
What is in the nucleus:
2.)
What are valence electrons?
3.)
Label how many valence electrons each Group has:
Group 1:
Group 2:
Group 16:
Charge
4.)
Group 17:
Group 18:
What is special about the noble gases:
5.)
How are the elements arranged on the periodic table:
6.)
If an atom loses an electron it becomes a ______________.
7.)
If an atom gains an electron it becomes a ______________.
8.)
If an atom has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons it becomes a
____________________.
32
Ge
73
9.) What is the atomic number: ____ What does that represent? _________________
10.) What is the mass number:____ What does that represent? _________________
11.) How many: Protons:_____ Neutrons:_____ Electrons____Period:____
12.) As the elements go down the Periodic Table, what happens to the atoms?
13.) Fill in the Families of Elements:
Family
Properties
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halogens
Metals
Metalloids
Non metals
Noble Gases
Group
14.) Explain the difference between the following bonds:
BOND
EXPLANATION
IONIC
COVALENT
16.) Write the chemical formula for the following:
Aluminum Oxide: _____
Magnesium Bromide:_____
Dihydrogen Monoxide:_______
Calcium Chloride:______
III. CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
1. Balance the following equations. Label Reactant(s) and Product(s). Label the type of reaction
taking place:
a. ____N2 + ____H2  ____NH3
_________________
b. ____CuCl2 + ____ Al  ____AlCl3 + ____Cu
c. ____ Ag2S  ____ Ag +____ S8
_________________
_________________
d. ____ NaBr + ____ CaCl 2  ____ CaBr 2 +____ NaCl
_________________
_____________
2.) How many atoms of Hydrogen are on the product side of a ?
3.) How many Aluminum chloride molecules are there in b ?
4.) How many atoms of Silver Sulfide are in c ?
IV. RADIOACTIVITY:
1.) Why are elements radioactive?
2.) Explain the 3 types of radiation:
TYPE
Alpha Particles
Beta Particles
Gamma Rays
EXPLANATION/STRENGTH
3.) Define Half-Life:
4.) Describe the difference between fission and fusion:
5.) What is an isotope?
CHARGE
6.) Write the Equation for U-238:
Alpha:
Beta:
V. Matter/Acid Bases.
(Solutions and Acid/Base)
:
1.) Label the following as solution / solute / solvent:
a.)Salt Water:
d.) Chocolate Milk
b.)Water:
e.) chocolate
c.) Salt:
f.) milk
2.) What is the universal solvent:______________.
3.) Name 3 ways to speed up the dissolving process:
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.) Define saturated solutions:
5.) Define unsaturated solutions:
6.) Describe the difference between unsaturated and saturated:
7.) Understand the pH Scale: Label Acid/ Base.
0
1
2
3
4
5
8.) What solution is neutral?
9.) List 3 examples of an acid.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
10.) List 3 examples of a base.
11. ) Bases contain ________ and turn red litmus paper _______ and blue litmus paper ________
12. ) Acids contain ________ and turn red litmus paper _______ and blue litmus paper ________
PHYSICS
VI. MOTION and FORCE:
1.) What is the difference between speed and velocity?
2.) What is the acceleration at:
a. constant speed: __________ m/s2
b. gravity: __________ m/s2
3.) What is the speed (in m/s) of aardvark that runs 10 meters every hour? (convert hour to
seconds!)
4.) What is the acceleration of a car that goes from 0 to 60 m/s in 30 seconds? (remember units)
5.) Define Net Force:
6.) If the Net Force is 0, the objects have ____________ forces, which do not accelerate.
7.) Newton’s Laws:
Law
Explanation
1st
Example
2nd
3rd
VII. WORK and ENERGY
CONCEPT
Work
Mechanical
EXPLANATION
UNITS
Fill in Table:
EQUATION
Advantage
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Force
Weight
Simple Machines LEVERS and INCLINED PLANES
SIMPLE MACHINE
Levers
Pulleys
Explanation
1st Class: fulcrum in the middle
2nd Class:
3rd Class:
Multiple or movable pulleys increase
the mechanical advantage.
Wheel and axle
Inclined Planes
Examples
1st:
2nd: wheelbarrow
3rd:
Block and tackle
Steering wheel
Multiply and redirect the force
Wedge
Screw
Inclined plane wrapped around a
cylinder
3.) The sum of kinetic and potential energy is the _________ energy.
4.) The source of all energy comes from the____________.
5.) Law of Conservation of Energy states:
__________________________________________________________________
VIII. Heat
1.) Fill in the Energy Transfer table:
Energy Transfer Explanation
Conduction
Example
Lizard on a heat rock
Convection
Transfer of energy by the
movement of fluids (air) (currents)
Radiation
Transfer of energy by
electromagnetic waves
2.) Define Specific Heat:
3.) Which substance has the higher specific heat - iron and water: ______________.
Which substance will heat up the slowest? _________
4.) If a substance is a good conductor then the specific heat is ________.
5.) Label the parts of the equation: q =m c
T (Include the units!)
q=
m=
c=
T=
IX. Waves
Type of Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
Definition
From Long to Short
DRAW
R, M, I, V, UV, X, G
Longitudinal
Transverse
1.) What types of waves do NOT require a medium:________________
2.) What type of waves DO require a medium:________________________
3.) Label the following Transverse Waves: Amplitude/Crest/Trough/Wavelength
4.) Define and give an example:
a. Reflection:
b. Refraction:
c. Diffraction:
d. Interference:
5.) Compare frequency and pitch?
6.) Compare the speed of light and sound as they travel through a gas to a liquid to a solid?
X. Electricity/Magnetism
1.) What type of circuit is this:
2.) What type of cell is a car battery? Dry cell!
3.) What is the unit for the following:
a.
Resistance
_____________
b.
Voltage
_____________
c.
Current
_____________
5.) What is the equation for Ohm’s Law?
6.) What are two ways to transfer electrons to create a charge for static electricity:
7.) Lights connected in a single pathway are considered a ________________ circuit.
8.) Draw a schematic drawing of a simple circuit:
9.) What is the difference between AC and DC?
10.)
If a 250 Ω heater has a current of 5.00 A, what is the voltage of the heating
element?____________________
11.)
What is an electromagnet?
12.)
What are the differences between a motor and a generator?