Download FDN Level 2 Muscle Chart Lower Leg

FDN Level 2 Muscle Chart
Listed below are the muscles you will be expected to treat in FDN Level 2. Use this chart as a guide to focus on
attachments, segments of innervation, and the functional role of each muscle. Begin to envision the three
dimensionality of the anatomy. Understand that variations may be found across different resources. The
information herein is adapted from:
Davies, D. V., & Davies, F. (Eds.). (1962). Gray's anatomy: Descriptive and Applied. Longmans.
Drake, R.L., Vogl, A.W., Mitchell, A.W.M. (2010). Gray’s Anatomy for Students. Churchill Livingstone.
Lower Leg
Muscle
Popliteus
Origin
Lateral femoral
condyle
Insertion
Posterior surface
of proximal tibia
Innervation
L4-L5-S1
Tibial nerve
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum
Longus
Flexor Hallucis
Longus
Extensor
Hallucis Longus
Posterior
surfaces of
interosseous
membrane and
adjacent regions
of tibia and
fibula
Mainly to
tuberosity and
adjacent region
of medial
cuneiform (also
navicular bone,
sustentaculum
tali of calcaneus,
cuboid, and
bases of
metatarsals 2-4)
L4-L5
Medial side of
posterior surface
of the tibia
Plantar surfaces
of bases of distal
phalanges of
toes 2-5
S2-S3
Posterior surface
of fibula and
adjacent
interosseous
membrane
Plantar surface
of distal phalanx
of great toe
S2-S3
Middle ½ of
medial surface
of fibula and
adjacent surface
of interosseous
membrane
Dorsal surface of
base of distal
phalanx of great
toe
L5-S1
Tibial nerve
Action
Stabilizes knee
joint (resists
lateral rotation of
tibia on femur);
unlocks knee
joint (laterally
rotates femur on
fixed tibia)
Inversion and
plantar flexion of
foot; support of
medial arch of
foot during gait
Flexes toes 2-4
Tibial nerve
Flexion of great
toe
Tibial nerve
Deep Fibular
nerve
Extension of
great toe and
dorsiflexion of
foot
Lower Thoracic, Advanced Lumbar, Abdominal
*See Muscles of the Back at end of the muscle chart for descriptions of erector spinae group (longissimus, iliocostalis and
spinalis) and transversospinales group (Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores) muscles.
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Multifidus
Sacrum, origin of
erector spinae,
posterior
superior iliac
spine,
mammillary
processes of
lumbar
vertebrae,
transverse
processes of
thoracic
vertebrae and
articular
processes of C4C7
Base of spinous
processes of all
vertebrae from
L5 -C2
Medial branch of
the dorsal rami
of segmental
spinal
nerves
Quadratus
Lumborum
Transverse
Process of L5
vertebra,
iliolumbar
ligament, and
iliac crest
Pubic crest,
pubic tubercle,
and pubic
symphysis
Transverse
processes of L1L4 vertebrae
and inferior
border of rib 12
T12-L4
Anterior rami
Stabilizes
vertebrae in
local
movements of
the vertebral
column.
Global
movements –
Contract
bilaterally to
extend the
vertebral column
Contract
unilaterally to
produce rotation
in opposite
direction
Depress and
stabilize rib 12
and some lateral
bending of trunk
Costal cartilages
of ribs 5-7;
xiphoid process
T7-T12
Anterior rami
External Oblique
Muscular slips
from the outer
surfaces of the
lower eight ribs
Lateral lip of iliac
crest;
aponeurosis
ending in midline
raphe (linea
alba)
T7-T12
Anterior rami
Internal Oblique
Thoracolumbar
fascia; iliac crest
between origins
of external and
transversus;
lateral 2/3 of
inguinal ligament
Inferior border of
the lower three
or four ribs;
aponeurosis
ending in linea
alba; pubic crest
and pectineal
line
T7-T12
Anterior Rami
Rectus
Abdominus
Compress
abdominal
contents; flex
vertebral
column; tense
abdominal wall
Compress
abdominal
contents both
muscles flex
trunk; each
muscle bends
trunk to same
side, turning
anterior part of
abdomen to
opposite side
Compress
abdominal
contents; both
muscles flex
trunk; each
muscle bends
trunk and turns
anterior part of
abdomen to
same side
Advanced Hip
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Piriformis
Anterior surface
of sacrum
between anterior
sacral foramina
Medial side of
superior border
of greater
trochanter of
femur
L5-S1-S2
Nerve to
piriformis
Superior
Gemellus
External surface
of ischial spine
L5-S1
Nerve to
Obturator
Internus
Obturator
Internus
Anterolateral
wall of true
pelvis; deep
surface of
obturator
membrane and
surrounding
bone
Upper aspect of
ischial tuberosity
Along length of
superior surface
of the obturator
internus tendon
and into the
medial side of
greater
trochanter with
obturator
internus tendon
Medial side of
greater
trochanter of
femur
L5-S1
Nerve to
Obturator
Internus
Laterally rotates
the extended
femur at hip
joint; abducts
flexed femur at
hip joint
Along length of
inferior surface
of the obturator
internus tendon
and into the
medial side of
greater
trochanter with
obturator
internus tendon
Quadrate
tubercle on the
intertrochanteric
crest of the
proximal femur
Lesser
trochanter of
femur
Lesser
trochanter of
femur
L5-S1
Nerve to
Quadratus
Femoris
Laterally rotates
the extended
femur at hip
joint; abducts
flexed femur at
hip joint
L5-S1
Nerve to
Quadratus
Femoris
Laterally rotates
femur at hip
joint
L2-L3
Femoral nerve
Flexes the thigh
at the hip joint
L1-L2-L3
Flexes the thigh
at the hip joint
Inferior
Gemellus
Quadratus
Femoris
Lateral aspect of
the ischium just
anterior to the
ischial tuberosity
Iliacus
Posterior
abdominal wall
(iliac fossa)
Posterior
abdominal wall
(lumbar
transverse
processes,
intervertebral
Psoas Major
Laterally rotates
the extended
femur at hip
joint; abducts
flexed femur at
hip joint
Laterally rotates
the extended
femur at hip
joint; abducts
flexed femur at
hip joint
Pectineus
Adductor Brevis
discs, and
adjacent bodies
from T12-L5 and
tendinous
arches between
these points)
Pectineal Line
(pectin pubis)
and adjacent
bone of pelvis
External surface
of body of pubis
and inferior
pubic ramus
Oblique line
extending from
base of lesser
trochanter to
linea aspera on
posterior surface
of proximal
femur
Posterior surface
of proximal
femur and upper
1/3 of linea
aspera
L2-L3
Obturator nerve
Adducts and
flexes thigh at
the hip joint
L2-L3
Obturator nerve
Adducts the
thigh at the hip
joint
Upper-Mid Thoracic and Parascapular
*See Muscles of the Back at end of the muscle chart for descriptions of erector spinae group (longissimus, iliocostalis and
spinalis) and transversospinales group (Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores) muscles.
Muscle
Multifidus
Levator Scapula
Middle and
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Sacrum, origin of
erector spinae,
posterior
superior iliac
spine,
mammillary
processes of
lumbar
vertebrae,
transverse
processes of
thoracic
vertebrae and
articular
processes of
lower four
cervical
vertebrae
Transverse
processes C1-4
Base of spinous
processes of all
vertebrae from
L5 -C2
Medial branch of
the dorsal rami
of segmental
spinal
nerves
Stabilizes
vertebrae in
local movements
of the vertebral
column.
Spinous process
Superior edge of
Global
movements –
Contract
bilaterally to
extend the
vertebral column
Contract
unilaterally to
produce rotation
in opposite
direction
Upper portion
medial border of
scapula
C3-C4
(anterior rami)
and
C4-C5 (dorsal
scapular nerve)
Motor - spinal
Elevates
scapula
Middle fibres
Lower Trapezius
of C7-T12 and
the related
supraspinous
ligaments
the crest of the
spine of the
scapula and
acromion
part of the
accessory nerve
Sensory anterior rami of
C3 and C4
retract scapula.
Lower fibres
depress scapula
and assist in
upward rotation
of the scapula
during abduction
of the humerus
above horizontal
Rhomboid Minor
Lower portion of
ligamentum
nuchae, spinous
processes of C7T1
Spinous
processes of T25
Medial border of
scapula at the
spine of scapula
C4-C5
Dorsal Scapular
nerve
Retracts
(adducts) and
elevates scapula
Medial border of
scapula between
spine and
inferior angle
C4-C5
Dorsal Scapular
nerve
Retracts
(adducts) and
elevates scapula
Rhomboid Major
Advanced Cervical Spine
Muscle
Origin
Sternocleidomastoid
(SCM)
Sternal Head
Upper part of
anterior surface
of manubrium
of sternum
Clavicular Head
Superior
surface of
medial 1/3 of
clavicle
Rectus Capitis
Posterior Major
Spinous
process C2
Obliquus Capitis
Superior
Transverse
process of C1
Insertion
Lateral ½ of
superior nuchal
line
Lateral surface
of mastoid
process
Lateral portion
of occipital
bone below
inferior nuchal
line
Occipital bone
between
superior and
inferior nuchal
lines
Innervation
C2-C3
Anterior rami
and
Spinal
Accessory nerve
(XI)
C1
Posterior ramus
C1
Posterior ramus
Action
Acting
unilaterallyipsilateral
sidebending,
contralateral
rotation of
head;
Acting
Bilaterallydraws head
forward
Extension of
the head
Extension of
head and
ipsilateral
sidebending
Obliquus Capitis
Inferior
Multifidus
Spinous
process C2
Sacrum, origin
of erector
spinae,
posterior
superior iliac
spine,
mammillary
processes of
lumbar
vertebrae,
transverse
processes of
thoracic
vertebrae and
articular
processes of
lower four
cervical
vertebrae
Transverse
process C1
Base of spinous
processes of all
vertebrae from
L5 -C2
C1
Posterior ramus
Medial branch of
the dorsal rami
of segmental
spinal
nerves
Ipsilateral
rotation
Stabilizes
vertebrae in
local
movements of
the vertebral
column.
Global
movements –
Contract
bilaterally to
extend the
vertebral
column
Contract
unilaterally to
produce
rotation in
opposite
direction
Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremity
Origin
Insertion
Subclavius
Muscle
1 rib at
junction
between rib and
costal cartilage
Groove on
inferior surface
of middle 1/3 of
clavicle
C5-C6
Nerve to
subclavius
Pectoralis Minor
Anterior
surfaces of ribs
3-5 and deep
fascia overlying
the related
intercostal
spaces
Medial 2/3 of
subscapular
fossa
Coracoid
process of
scapula
C6-C7-C8
Medial pectoral
nerve
Lesser tubercle
of humerus
C5-C6-C7
Upper and Lower
Subscapular
nerves
Coracobrachialis
Apex of
coracoid
process
C5-C6-C7
Musculocutaneous
nerve
Biceps Brachii-
Apex of
Linear
roughening on
mid-shaft of
humerus on
medial side
Radial
Subscapularis
st
Innervation
C5-C6
Action
Pulls clavicle
medially to
stabilize
sternoclavicular
joint
Depresses tip of
shoulder;
protracts
scapula
Rotator cuff
muscle; medially
rotates the
humerus at the
glenohumeral
joint
Flexor of the
arm at the
glenohumeral
joint
Powerful flexor
Short head
coracoid
process
tuberosity
Musculocunateous
nerve
Supraspinatus
Medial 2/3 of
the
supraspinous
fossa of the
scapula and the
deep fascia that
covers the
muscle
Lateral surfaces
of ribs 1-8/9 and
deep fascial
overlying the
related
intercostal
spaces
Most superior
facet on the
greater
tubercle of the
humerus
C5-C6
Suprascapular
nerve
Costal surface
of medial
border of
scapula
C5-C6-C7
Long thoracic
nerve
Serratus Anterior
of the forearm at
the elbow joint
and supinator of
the forearm
Rotator cuff
muscle; initiation
of abduction of
arm to 15º at
glenohumeral
joint
Protraction and
rotation of the
scapula; keeps
medial border of
scapula
opposed to the
thoracic wall
The Hand
Muscle
First Dorsal
Interosseous
Origin
Insertion
Lateral Head
st
1 metacarpal,
proximal half (ulnar
border)
Innervation
C8 - T1
Extensor hood and
proximal phalanx
of index finger
Action
Abduction of
index finger
Ulnar nerve
(deep palmar
branch)
Medial Head
nd
nd
th
2 -4 Dorsal
Interossei
Palmar
Interossei
2 metacarpal,
entire length (radial
border)
Extensor hood and
proximal phalanx
nd
of index finger (2
digit)
Adjacent sides
metacarpal bones
Extensor hood and
base of proximal
rd
phalanges of 3 ,
th
and 4 digits
C8 - T1
Extensor hoods of
nd
th
thumb and 2 , 4 ,
th
and 5 digits, and
proximal phalanx
of thumb
C8 - T1
Sides of
metacarpals
Ulnar nerve
(deep palmar
branch)
Ulnar nerve
(deep palmar
branch)
Abduction of
rd
th
3 and 4
digits (draws
fingers away
from midline
of hand)
Adduction of
nd
rd
2 , 3 , and
th
5 (draws
fingers toward
midline of
hand)
Adductor
Pollicis
Oblique Head
C8 - T1
Ulnar nerve
Capitate bone,
bases of second
and third
metacarpals,
intercarpal
ligaments, sheath
of flexor carpi
radialis
st
Base of 1 phalanx
and extensor hood
Transverse Head
C8 - T1
Ulnar nerve
Abductor
Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis
Brevis
st
Third metacarpal
(volar surface,
lower 2/3)
Base of 1 phalanx
of (ulnar side) and
extensor hood
Tubercles of
scaphoid and
trapezium,
transverse carpal
ligament,
Base of 1 phalanx
(radial side) and
extensor hood
st
Lateral portion (more superficial)
Trapezium and
transverse carpal
ligament and
st
Base of 1 phalanx
of thumb (radial
side)
Medial portion (deeper and more medial)
Opponens
Pollicis
st
C8 - T1
Median nerve,
recurrent
branch
C8 - T1
Median nerve,
recurrent
branch
C8 - T1
First metacarpal
bone between
adductor pollicis
st
and 1 dorsal
interosseous
Base of 1 phalanx
of thumb (ulnar
side)
Ulnar nerve
Tubercle of
trapezium,
transverse carpal
ligament
Lateral (radial)
margin and
adjacent palmar
st
surface of 1
metacarpal
C8- T1
Median nerve,
recurrent
branch
Adducts
thumb
(approximates
thumb to
palm)
Adducts
thumb
(approximates
thumb to
palm)
Abducts
thumb at MCP
(draws thumb
into plane at
right angle to
palm)
Flexes and
adducts the
proximal
phalanx
Flexes thumb
at MCP
Medially
rotates the
thumb
Abductor Digiti
Minimi
Flexor Digiti
Minimi
Opponens
digiti minimi
Pisiform,
pisohamate
ligament, and
tendon of flexor
carpi ulnaris
Proximal phalanx
th
of 5 digit (ulnar
side)
C8 - T1
Hook of hamate,
transverse carpal
ligament (volar
surface)
Proximal phalanx
th
of 5 digit
C8-T1
Hamate,
transverse carpal
ligament
Medial (ulnar)
th
aspect of 5
metacarpal
Ulnar nerve
th
Abducts 5
digit at MCP
and assists
flexing
proximal
phalanx
th
Flexes 5 digit
at MCP
Ulnar nerve
C8 - T1
Ulnar nerve
Laterally
th
rotates 5
metacarpal (to
deepen hollow
of palm)
The Foot
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Extensor
Digitorum
Brevis
Superolateral
surface of the
calcaneus
Lateral sides of
the tendons of
EDL of digits 2-4
S1-S2
Extensor
Hallucis
Brevis
(same origin as
extensor digitorum
brevis)
Base of proximal
phalanx of great
toe
S1-S2
Dorsal
Interossei
Sides of adjacent
metatarsals
Extensor hoods
and bases of
proximal
phalanges of
digits 2-4
S2–S3
Extensor hoods
and bases of
proximal
phalanges of toes
3-5
S2–S3
Plantar
Interossei
Medial sides of
metatarsals of toes
3-4
Action
Extension of
toes 2-4
Deep Fibular
nerve
Deep Fibular
nerve
Lateral Plantar
nerve (from
st
tibial, though 1
nd
and 2 are also
innervated by
deep fibular)
Lateral Plantar
nerve (from
tibial)
Extension of
MTP joint of
great toe
Abduction of
toes 2-4 at
MTP joints
(away from
the axis of the
nd
2 toe); resist
extension of
MTP joints;
and flexion of
IP joints
Adduction of
toes 2-5 at
MTP joints
nd
(toward the 2
toe); resist
extension of
MTP joints;
and flexion of
the IP joints
Abductor
Hallucis
Medial process of
calcaneal tuberosity
Flexor
Hallucis
Brevis
Plantar survace of
cuboid and lateral
cuneiform; tendon
of tibialis posterior
Adductor
Hallucis
Transverse Head
Ligaments
associated with
rd
MTP joints of 3 ,
th
th
4 , and 5 toes
Medial side of
base of proximal
phalanx of great
toe
S1–S2–S3
Lateral and medial
sides of base of
proximal phalanx
of the great toe
S1-S2
Medial Plantar
nerve
Medial Plantar
nerve
S2-S3
Lateral side of
base of proximal
phalanx of great
toe
Lateral Plantar
nerve
nd
rd
Lateral side of
base of proximal
phalanx of great
toe
Flexor
Digitorum
Brevis
Medial process of
calcaneal tuberosity
and plantar
aponeurosis
Sides of plantar
surface of middle
phalanges of
lateral four toes
Quadratus
Plantae
Medial Head
Medial surface of
calcaneus
Lateral Head
Lateral process of
calcaneal tuberosity
S1-S2-S3
Medial Plantar
nerve
S1-S2-S3
Lateral side of
tendon of flexor
digitorum longus
tendon in proximal
sole of the foot
Lateral side of
tendon of flexor
digitorum longus
tendon in proximal
sole of the foot
Flexes MTP
joint of the
great toe
Adducts the
great toe at
MTP joint
Transverse
head also
approximates
all the toes
which
increases
curve of
transverse
arch of
metatarsus
Oblique Head
Bases of 2 , 3 ,
th
and 4 metatarsals,
sheath covering
fibularis longus
tendon
Abducts and
flexes the
great toe at
MTP joint
Lateral Plantar
nerve
Flexes lateral
four toes at
PIP joint
Assists FDL
tendon in
flexing toes 25 (by
converting the
oblique pull of
FDL into a
direct
backward pull
on the toes)
Abductor
Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti
Minimi Brevis
Lateral and medial
processes of
calcaneal
tuberosity, and band
of connective tissue
connecting
calcaneus with base
th
of 5 metatarsal
Lateral side of
base of proximal
th
phalanx of 5 digit
S1-S2-S3
th
Lateral side of
base of proximal
th
phalanx of 5 digit
S2-S3
Base of 5
metatarsal and
related sheath of
fibularis longus
tendon
Lateral Plantar
nerve
Lateral Plantar
nerve
Abducts the
th
5 toe at MTP
joint
Flexes the
little toe at
MTP joint
TMJ
Muscle
Temporalis
Masseter
Origin
Temporal fossa
Zygomatic arch
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Coronoid process
and anterior
ramus of mandible
Mandibular
branch of
trigeminal nerve
Vertical fibers
elevate
mandible
Lateral surface
ramus and angle
of mandible
Mandibular
branch of
trigeminal nerve
Horizontal
fibers retract
the mandible
Superficial
fibers elevate
and protrude
the mandible.
Deep fibers
elevate and
retrude
ipsilateral
deviation.
Erector Spinae and Transversospinales Groups
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Erector Spinae
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
Iliocostalis
Lumborum
Sacrum, spinous
processes of
T10-L5 and their
supraspinous
ligaments, and
the iliac crest
Segmental
Angles of the
lower six or
seven ribs
Thoracis
Angles of ribs 612 (upper
borders of the
angles)
Angles of ribs 16 (upper
borders,
transverse
process C7
Cervicis
Angles of ribs 36
Transverse
processes C4C6
Primary
extensors of the
vertebral column
and head.
Acting bilaterally
they straighten
the back returning it
upright from a
flexed position.
They also
participate in
controlling
vertebral column
flexion by
contracting and
relaxing in a
coordinated
fashion
Acting
unilaterally they
produce
ipsilateral lateral
flexion and
muscles
attaching to the
head turn the
head to
ipsilaterally.
Longissimus
Thoracis
Blends with
iliocostalis in
lumbar region
and is attached
to transverse
processes of
lumbar vertebrae
Segmental
Transverse
processes T1T12 and just
lateral to the
tubercles of ribs
2-12
Cervicis
Transverse
processes T1-T5
Transverse
processes C2-6
Capitis
Transverse
processes T1-T5
and articular
processes of
C4/5-C7
Spinalis
Posterior margin
of the mastoid
process
Thoracis
Angles of ribs 612 (upper
borders of the
angles)
Angles of ribs 16 and transverse
process C7
Cervicis
Angles of ribs 36
Transverse
processes C4C6
Capitis
Usually blends
with semispinalis
capitis
With
semispinalis
capitis
Primary
extensors of the
vertebral column
and head.
Acting bilaterally
they straighten
the back returning it
upright from a
flexed position.
They also
participate in
controlling
vertebral column
flexion by
contracting and
relaxing in a
coordinated
fashion
Acting
unilaterally they
produce
ipsilateral lateral
flexion and
muscles
attaching to the
head turn the
head to
ipsilaterally.
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Transversospinales
(Semispinalis, Multifidus, and Rotatores)
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Thoracis
Transverse
processes of T6T10
Cervicis
Transverse
processes T1T5/6
Capitis
Transverse
processes T1T6/7 and
articular
processes of C4C7
Sacrum, origin of
erector spinae,
posterior
superior iliac
spine,
mammillary
processes of
lumbar
vertebrae,
transverse
processes of
thoracic
vertebrae and
articular
processes of
lower four
cervical
vertebrae
Spinous
processes of
C6-T4
Spinous
processes C2C5
Medial area
between the
superior and
inferior nuchal
lines of occipital
bone
Base of spinous
processes of all
vertebrae from
L5 -C2
Lumborum
Mammillary processes of lumbar
vertebrae
Thoracis
Spinous
processes of
lumbar
vertebrae
Segmental
Acting bilaterally
these muscles
extend the
vertebral column
in a fashion
similar to the
erector spinae.
Acting
unilaterally they
pull the spinous
process toward
the transverse
process on that
side causing the
trunk to turn or
to turn or rotate
in the opposite
direction.
Transverse processes of thoracic
vertebrae
Cervicis
Spinous
processes of
thoracic
vertebrae
Articular processes of cervical
vertebrae