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ESS Name _________________________ Period __________ MECHANICAL WEATHERING Part 1 Prediction: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Data Table 1 Weathering of Different Size Marble Chips Weathering time Mass of marble chips (g) Observations: (min.) Large small Size, shape, water color 0 3 6 9 12 15 total mass lost (Line) Graph 1 Mass of Large and Small Marble Chips vs. Time 20.0 Mass of Chips (g) 19.5 19.0 18.5 18.0 17.5 17.0 0 3 6 9 12 15 Time (min.) Part 1 Questions 1. What is the effect of TIME on the weathering of the rocks? 1. What was the PERCENT change in mass of the LARGE marble chips compared to the SMALL chips? Loss in mass x 100 Original mass loss in mass x 100 original mass 2. How does the amount of surface area exposed contribute to weathering (pg. 262) 3. What do you think would happen if you continued shaking the marble chips for 24 hours or longer? Name _________________________ Period __________ Mass of chips (g) Amount of weathering ESS time Small large Particle size Summarize your results by restating your hypothesis and using your data. ESS Name _________________________ Period __________ Part 2 Prediction:_____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Data Table 2 Change in Mass of Rocks with Different Composition/Hardness Hardness on Initial Final Mohs scale Mass (g) Mass (g) Observations Rock Type Sandstone (quartz) Halite (rock salt) (Bar) Graph 2 Change in Mass vs. Rock Type 25 g 20 g 15 g 10 g 5g 0g Initial Final Sandstone Rock Initial Final Halite Part 2 Questions 4. How did the change in mass of the sandstone compare to the change in mass of the halite? 5. Sandstone is composed of the mineral quartz, use the table on page 701 in your text to find the hardness of the two minerals 6. Explain the relationship between the hardness and the amount of abrasion, as observed in the activity? 7. What conclusions can you draw between the results obtained in this activity and the natural process of weathering that takes place in nature? Name _________________________ Period __________ Amount of abrasion ESS 1 10 Hardness Summarize your results by restating your hypothesis and using your mass data. ESS Name _________________________ Period __________ CHEMICAL WEATHERING Part 3 Prediction: _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Data Table 3 Chemical Weathering of Rocks with Different Composition Time Observations / Descriptions Limestone Granite Chalk Composition (minerals) At the start 20 minutes later Part 3 Questions 8. What changes did you observe in each sample? 9. What evidence(s) did you observe to support the idea that a chemical change occurred? 10. How is the composition of granite (page 118) different from the minerals in limestone or chalk (page 107)? 11. Describe how acid rain forms (acid rain) Name _________________________ Period __________ Chemical weathering Chemical weathering ESS Amount of calcite Amount of quartz Summarize your results by restating your hypothesis and using your data. ESS Name _________________________ Period __________ Part 4 Prediction: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ```````` Data Table 4 3 Chemical Weathering of Pyrite and Granite Time Observations Pyrite Chips Water/Acid Solution clear Granite Chips Water/acid Solution Before Days later (after) Before clear Days later (after) Part 4 Questions (use pg. 261 in text) 12. What changes did you observe that would indicate that chemical weathering took place? What is the chemical formula for pyrite? What substance in pyrite caused the chemical change? 13. Label the substances and BALANCE the chemical equation for the oxidation of iron: Fe _______ + O2 ________ Fe2O3 ____________ 14. Label the substance in the chemical equation for forming carbonic acid (acid rain) H2 O ___________ + CO2 _____________ H2CO3 ______________ 15. How does HYDROLYSIS contribute to the chemical weathering of rocks? (pg 260) Name _________________________ Period __________ Chemical weathering: oxidation ESS Amount of iron Summarize your results by restating your hypothesis and using your data. ESS Name _________________________ Period __________ During/After the class post-lab discussion on the results of the weathering lab, Answer the analysis questions below IN COMPLETE SENTENCES 1. In Part 1, what is the effect of TIME on the amount of weathering? Give an example using the rocks. 2. In Part 1, how did the MASS of the rocks/minerals change over TIME? Give an example using the rocks. 3. Based on the percent data in Part 1, how did different PARTICLE SIZE of rocks affect the weathering? 4. From Part 2, explain the relationship between hardness of the minerals in the rock and the amount of abrasion that occurs. Give an example using two rocks with different hardness. 5. Which of the different rock/mineral samples in Part 2 (sandstone or halite) had the LEAST change of mass? Use the composition of the minerals to explain. ESS Name _________________________ Period __________ 6. Describe what would happen if you continued to shake/weather the rocks in water for 24 hours or longer? 7. From Part 3, which rocks were weathered by the weak acid (rain)? What are they composed of? Why is granite resistant to chemical weathering in acid? 8. From Part 4, What evidence did you observe to support the idea that a chemical change occurred when pyrite was chemically weathered ? What mineral in pyrite caused it to chemically weather? 9. What is the difference between mechanical weathering and chemical weathering of rock? ESS Name _________________________ Period __________ weathering Mass of chips (g) Part 1 Particle size time Degree of abrasion Rounding of fragments Part 2 1 10 Hardness on Mohs scale Time in river/stream Amount of CALCITE In the rock Chemical weathering oxidation Chemical weathering Chemical weathering weathering Parts 3 and 4 Amount of QUARTZ in the rock Amount of IRON in the rock ESS Name _________________________ Period __________ 1. What type of weathering is in Washington D.C. if AYT is 23°C and AYP is 104 cm? __________________________________________________________________ 2. If AYT in D.C. dropped 26°C but the AYP stayed the same, what kind of weathering would dominant? _______________________________________________ 3. Phoenix, AZ. Has an AYT of 20°C and an AYP of 20 cm. How would the climate in Phoenix have to change for moderate chemical weathering to become dominant? _________________________________________________________________ 4. According to the graph, no frost action occurs at a AYT above 13°C. Why? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. In general, how does a climate with strong chemical weathering differ from a climate with strong mechanical weathering? ______________________________________________________________________ ESS Name _________________________ Period __________