Download Pharaohs, Dynasties, and Pyramids

Pharaohs, Dynasties, and Pyramids
Global History and Geography I
E. Napp
Name: ___________________
Date: ____________________
Ancient Egypt consisted of two parts: Lower or Northern Egypt and Upper
or Southern Egypt. Since the Nile River flows northward to the
Mediterranean Sea, Upper Egypt was in the south near the river’s origin.
While Upper and Lower Egypt initially had separate governments, the need
to unite arose. In order to finish irrigation projects, all Egyptians needed to
work together. Around 3100 B.C., a pharaoh united Upper and Lower
Egypt. Pharaohs or divine rulers and dynasties or ruling families ruled
ancient Egypt for many years.
Ancient Egyptian civilization consisted of two parts. Name the two parts:
____________________________
____________________________
Where is Lower Egypt? Why is it called “Lower” Egypt?
_____________________________________________________________
Where is Upper Egypt? Why is it called “Upper” Egypt?
_____________________________________________________________
What surrounds the Nile River?
_________________________
Why did Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt unite?
_____________________________________________________________
When did Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt unite?
_______________________
There were many dynasties in ancient Egypt. Define dynasty:
_____________________________________________________________
Ancient Egyptian civilization is divided into three periods: The Old Kingdom (31002186 B.C.), The Middle Kingdom (2040 -1630 B.C.) and the New Kingdom (1600 525 B.C.)
During all periods, pharaohs ruled ancient Egypt.
 Define pharaoh: __________________
 During the Old Kingdom, pharaohs built pyramids. Why did
pharaohs build pyramids? (Turn to yesterday’s lesson for clues.)
______________________________________________________
 Why did the Egyptians fill a pharaoh’s tomb with food, clothing,
jewelry, furniture, and beautiful art?
______________________________________________________
The ancient Egyptians believed that pharaohs continued to rule even
after they died. So, they built great tombs or places to bury the dead
ruler. To make these tombs last forever, the Egyptians built with stone.
About 75 pyramids still stand in the Egyptian desert. The three most
famous are in an area called Giza, outside modern Cairo. Building the
pyramids was hard work. The builders had no iron tools to cut the stone.
They had no wheels or work animals to carry the huge stone blocks,
which weighed about 5,000 pounds each. The Egyptians buried the dead
pharaoh in rooms deep within a pyramid. Then they sealed the rooms
with huge stone blocks. However, robbers sometimes broke into the
tombs and stole the treasures there.
List four facts about the building of pyramids in Ancient Egypt:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Scribes in ancient Egypt wrote with picture symbols. This writing
system is called hieroglyphics. The term comes from the Greek for
“sacred carving”. As time passed, though people could no longer read
them. Centuries later, the key to hieroglyphics was found. It was a stone
tablet we know call the Rosetta Stone. The Rosetta Stone was found in
1799 by Napoleon’s army. Soldiers accidentally dug up a tablet carved
with three kinds of writing: Greek, a newer form of Egyptian, and
hieroglyphics. Eventually, a French scholar was able to decipher the
ancient Egyptian symbols. Today, archaeologists can decipher
hieroglyphics.
Did the ancient Egyptians develop writing?
____________________
What do we call ancient Egyptian writing?
___________________
What is the Rosetta Stone and why is it important?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Around 1630 B.C., nomads from Asia known as the Hyksos invaded
Egypt. The Hyksos had better weapons. They had horse-drawn chariots,
bronze and iron weapons, and armor. The Hyksos easily defeated the
Egyptians. For the first time in Egypt’s history, foreigners ruled Egypt.
Why were the Hyksos able to easily defeat the Egyptians?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Eventually, the Egyptians adopted the military tactics of the Hyksos and
drove out the foreign invaders.
A few interesting facts:
While most pharaohs were men, Hatshepsut was a female pharaoh. She
ruled for about 20 years. During her reign, there was peace in Egypt.
Around 1372 B.C., Ikhnaton became pharaoh. He had new religious
beliefs. He wanted the Egyptians to worship one god. His monotheism
lasted until his death when the Egyptians returned to polytheism.
Why were Hatshepsut and Ikhnaton unusual pharaohs?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
The main purpose of this map is to illustrate the location of
(1) overseas trade routes
(2) early belief systems
(3) river valley civilizations
(4) burial sites of ancient rulers
____________ Pharaoh
______________ Mummies
______________ Rosetta Stone
____________ Hieroglyphics
____________ Dynasty
____________ Nile
____________ Pyramids
____________ Hyksos
____________ Lower Egypt
____________ Hatshepsut
A. She was the first female ruler of
ancient Egypt. This female pharaoh
spread Egyptian culture.
B. It is the longest river in the world.
It was the birthplace of Egyptian
civilization.
C. During the Old Kingdom, these
architectural structures were built as
tombs for deceased pharaohs.
D. French engineers discovered it.
It allowed archaeologists to decipher
ancient Egyptian writing.
E. The ancient Egyptians preserved
the bodies of the dead. They
believed in an afterlife.
F. It is ancient Egyptian writing. It
is similar to Sumerian cuneiform. It
recorded history.
G. It is located near the
Mediterranean Sea. It has a delta
and is good for farming.
H. It is a ruling family. It is a
political system where a family
controls the government.
I. It is a divine ruler of ancient
Egypt. This ruler is believed to be a
god.
J. They invaded Egypt during the
Middle Kingdom. They made iron
weapons.
One reason the Euphrates, Indus, Nile, and Tigris valleys became
centers of early civilization is that these valleys had
(1) borders and elevations that were easy to defend
(2) rich deposits of coal and iron ores
(3) the means for irrigation and transportation
(4) locations in regions of moderate climate and abundant rainfall