Download 4.1 Introduction to the Operating System

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4.1
Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions
4.2
Popular Operating Systems for Computing Systems
4.3
Popular Operating Systems for Mobile Devices
4.4
Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud Operating Systems
4.5
Utilities in Your OS Package for Maintaining System Performance
4.6
Using Operating System Tools to Troubleshoot Computer Problems
Chapter Summary
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions
 System software: includes the operating system that is
designed to work with the hardware as well as a set of utility
programs
 operating system (OS) program: provides the user interface that
allows you to work with the computer, manages all of the hardware
resources, and provides the platform for managing files and application
programs
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions…continued
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions…continued
 Booting: starting a computer
 cold boot: turning on a computer that has been shut off
 warm boot: restarting a computer without turning off the power
 kernel: the core of the OS that manages memory, devices, and
programs and assigns resources
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions…continued
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions…continued
 Functions: Providing a User Interface
 user interface (UI): the means with which
you interact with the computer
 graphical user interface (GUI): presents
visual images that you tap or click to tell the
OS what you want to do
 command-line interface: where you type
commands on the keyboard at a prompt to
tell the OS what to do
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions…continued
 Functions: Managing Application
Programs and Memory, and
Coordinating the Flow of Data
 virtual memory: the hard disk
space allocated to store RAM
contents
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions…continued
 Functions: Configuring Hardware and Peripheral Devices
 drivers: small computer programs that contain the instructions the OS
uses to communicate and route data to/from a device
 Plug and Play: when you plug in a new device, the OS searches the
device for the driver, loads it, and displays a message when the device
is ready to use
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions…continued
 Functions: Providing a
File System
 the OS keeps track of the
files stored on a
computer’s storage
devices and provides
tools for managing those
files
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4.1 Introduction to the Operating System (OS)
and the OS Functions…continued
 Functions: Software Updates and Security
 software often needs to be updated as program fixes, security
enhancements, and new or modified device drivers become available
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4.2 Popular Operating Systems for
Computing Systems
 Computing platform: the combination of hardware
architecture and software design that allows applications to
run
 When you purchase a new computing device, an operating
system is preinstalled so that the device will work when you
turn it on
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4.2 Popular Operating Systems for
Computing Systems…continued
 Windows: created by Microsoft Corporation; the most popular
operating system
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4.2 Popular Operating Systems for
Computing Systems…continued
 Mac OS: a proprietary OS created by Apple, Inc.
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4.2 Popular Operating Systems for
Computing Systems…continued
 UNIX: an operating system that
has been around since the late
1960s and is designed for servers
 Linux: created by Linus Torvalds
in 1991 and is based on UNIX
 open source program: the source
code is available to the public and
can be freely modified or customized
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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1
1.
Which of the following is NOT a function of
the operating system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Provides a user interface
Booting
Configures hardware devices
Manages memory
4.
Soft boot
Virtual memory
Driver
Plug and Play
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Which of the following is NOT one of the
popular operating systems for standalone
computers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
This term describes the process of
automatically installing a device driver when
new hardware is plugged into the computer.
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
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iOS
Windows
UNIX
Linux
Linux is based on which other operating
system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Windows
Mac OS X
UNIX
Chrome OS
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4.3 Popular Operating Systems for Mobile
Devices
 Mobile operating system: an operating system designed
specifically for a mobile device
 apps: small application programs managed by a mobile OS
 the OS is stored on a ROM chip
 designed to manage hardware and applications with less memory than
a personal computer operating system, yet runs fast and efficiently
 often manages input from a touchscreen and/or voice command and
routes data to/from wireless connections including web browsing
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4.3 Popular Operating Systems for Mobile
Devices…continued
 Android: the OS is based on Linux, making it an open source OS
 currently enjoys the highest market share for mobile devices
 Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of several mobile technology
companies of which Google is a member
 Android Open Source Project (AOSP): led by Google and maintains
and develops Android
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4.3 Popular Operating Systems for Mobile
Devices…continued
 iOS: developed by Apple as
the mobile operating system
for its iPhone, iPod Touch, and
iPad
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4.3 Popular Operating Systems for Mobile
Devices…continued
 BlackBerry OS: developed by
Research in Motion (RIM) as the
operating system designed for
BlackBerry devices
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4.3 Popular Operating Systems for Mobile
Devices…continued
 Windows Phone: developed by
Microsoft as the mobile operating
system that replaced its earlier OS,
Windows Mobile, which was used
on Windows smartphones
 live tiles stream updates to the user’s
mail, calendar, and web apps
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4.4 Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud
Operating Systems
 Embedded operating system: smaller and interacts with
fewer resources to perform specific tasks fast and reliably
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4.4 Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud
Operating Systems…continued
 Windows Embedded: a family of operating systems based
on the familiar Windows operating system designed for use in
a variety of devices
 Embedded Linux: applications that can be found running
smart appliances, in-flight entertainment systems, personal
navigation systems, and a variety of other consumer and
commercial electronics
 Android: an operating system based on Linux and is a
popular choice for electronic devices beyond smartphones such
as tablets, set-top boxes, and netbooks
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4.4 Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud
Operating Systems…continued
 Cloud operating systems: operating systems that operate
like a virtual desktop
 web-based operating systems: not true operating systems (such
as Windows) because you still need a standalone operating system on
the computer you are using to access the web browser
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4.4 Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud
Operating Systems…continued
 iCloud: Apple’s iCloud is built into every new iOS device
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4.4 Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud
Operating Systems…continued
 Chrome OS: Google’s Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating
system available on specific hardware called Chromebooks
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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 2
1.
This mobile operating system currently
enjoys the highest market share.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
3.
iOS
BlackBerry OS
Windows Phone
Android
a.
b.
c.
d.
This mobile operating system displays a live
tile interface.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Android
Windows Phone
BlackBerry OS
iOS
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This term describes an operating system
designed for a device that performs a
specific task, such as an ATM or a GPS.
This term describes an operating system that
operates like a virtual desktop where you
access all files and applications using a web
browser.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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Open source operating system
Embedded operating system
Cloud operating system
Standalone operating system
Server operating system
Embedded operating system
Standalone operating system
Cloud operating system
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4.5 Utilities in Your OS Package for
Maintaining System Performance
 Windows Explorer: the
file manager in Windows 7
 File Explorer: the file
manager in Windows 8
 Folder: a placeholder
name for the location
where you want to store
related files
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4.5 Utilities in Your OS Package for
Maintaining System Performance…continued
 Disk Cleanup: a Windows
utility that allows you to
scan a particular storage
device or drive to select
various types of files to be
deleted
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4.5 Utilities in Your OS Package for
Maintaining System Performance…continued
 Fragmentation: the clusters
needed for a document are not
stored adjacent to each other
 Disk defragmenter:
rearranges the fragmented files
back together to improve file
retrieval speed and efficiency
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4.5 Utilities in Your OS Package for
Maintaining System Performance…continued
 Backup utility: a program
that allows you to back up
selected files or an entire
disk to a removable storage
medium
 Restore utility: open if
you need to copy files from
backup storage to a disk
drive to recover the original
state of the files
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4.6 Using Operating System Tools to
Troubleshoot Computer Problems
 Action Center: a good place to begin when something is not
working
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4.6 Using Operating System Tools to
Troubleshoot Computer Problems…continued
 System Restore: a way for you to turn back the clock to
when the computer was functioning normally
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4.6 Using Operating System Tools to
Troubleshoot Computer Problems…continued
 Help and Support:
operating systems offer
extensive help and
support that you can
search to find answers to
most questions and
issues
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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 3
1.
This utility program is used to remove
unwanted files from your computer.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
3.
Windows Explorer
Disk Defragmenter
Optimize Drives
Disk Cleanup
a.
b.
c.
d.
This utility program is used to increase disk
efficiency by rearranging files that have been
split up.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Optimize Drives
Disk Defragmenter
Disk Cleanup
Windows Explorer
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Open this window to view messages that
describe issues the OS has detected.
You can undo a recent change made to your
computer, such as installing a new driver, by
opening this window.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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Help and Support
Action Center
System Restore
Windows Explorer
Disk Cleanup
Windows Explorer
Help and Support
System Restore
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Chapter Summary
 After successfully completing this chapter, you are now able to:
 Identify system software and describe the role an operating system fulfills in
computer operations
 List and describe the major functions of operating system software
 Identify the operating systems in use for personal computers and mobile
devices
 Explain the purpose of an embedded operating system and a cloud operating
system
 Describe and explain common utility programs used to maintain a computer
 Use troubleshooting tools found in the operating system to solve computer
problems
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