Download Classical Greece

Classical Greece
Do Now and Objective
 Write the following Objective in your notebook:
Determine the causes of the Peloponnesian
War, the outcome of the war, and the effect it
had on Greek civilization
 Read “Turning Point” on page 120 in your
textbooks and answer the two Document
Based Questions on the bottom of the page
The Challenge of Persia
 As Greek civilization spread
throughout Mediterranean,
came into contact with Persian
empire to the east
 Ionian Greek cities in western
Asia Minor had fallen to Persia
by mid-500s BC
 499 BC Athenian navy tried to
help them revolt from Persia
 Caused Persian king Darius to
seek revenge on Athens
 490 B.C. Persians landed on
plain of Marathon, 26 miles from
Athens
Battle of Marathon
 490 B.C. Persians land on plain of Marathon, 26
miles from Athens
 Athenian army attacked and defeated
Persians
 According to legend, news of Persia’s defeat
was brought by an Athenian runner named
Pheidippides, who raced from Marathon to
Athens
 With last breath, announced “Victory, we
win” before dropping dead
 Today’s marathon race based on this heroic
story
 Battle of Marathon proved to the Athenians
that Persians could be defeated and gave
them new confidence in their city-state
Persia Plots Revenge
 Darius dies in 486 B.C., Xerxes becomes
new Persian monarch
 Xerxes vowed revenge and planned
to invade Greece
 To prepare for the attack, some of the
Greek states formed a defensive league
under the Spartans
 Athenians built a navy
 Xerxes led massive invasion force into
Greece
 Despite differences, Athenians and
Spartans united by common goal of
defeating Persian invaders
 Greeks able to defeat Persians and take
control of Aegean Sea
Do Now: 9/24
Read Pg.121
Explain what life was like in Greece after
the defeat of the Persians.
Pericles
Age of Pericles
Delian League
The Athenian Empire
 After defeat of Persians, Athens took over leadership
of entire Greek world
478 B.C. Athenians formed defensive alliance
against Persians known as Delian League
Under Athenian leadership, Delian League
liberated all Greek states in the Aegean from
Persian control
Athens had created an empire
 Under Pericles: leader in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C.
who helped create democracy
Age of Pericles: height of Athenian power and
brilliance
After defeat
of Persians,
Greek world War
Roots
of the
Peloponnesian
divided into two sides
1.Athenian empire and the Delian
League
2.Sparta and its supporters: The
Peloponnesian League
Athens and Sparta had very different
societies and couldn’t tolerate the other’s
systems
Sparta feared the growing power of the
Athenian empire
Series of disputes led to outbreak of Great
The Peloponnesian War
 Began in 431 B.C.
 Strategies of each side:
 Athens
Planned to remain behind city’s protective walls and
receive supplies from their colonies and navy
 Sparta
Surrounded Athens, hoping Athenians would send their
army to fight outside the walls
Outcome and Effect on Greek
Society
Weakened major Greek city-states
Ruined any possibility of cooperation
During next 67 years, Sparta, Athens, and
Thebes (new Greek power) struggled to
dominate Greek affairs
By continuing their wars, Greeks ignored
the growing power of Macedonia to the
north
This would eventually cost them their
freedom
 Sparta had stronger army, Athens had stronger navy
 Second year of war, plague broke out in overcrowded city of Athens
 Killed more than one-third of the people, including
Pericles
 Athens continued to fight on for another 25 years
 405 B.C.-Athens’ fleet is destroyed
 Within the year, Athens surrendered
Walls torn down, navy disbanded, Athenian
empire destroyed