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ES 100: Environmental Ecology Midterm Exam October 24th, 2005 Name:________________________________ TA: ________________________________ 200 Points/ 6 Pages--Point values are shown in parentheses after the question number. 1. (24) Look at the biome map on the projection screen. Fill in the number that corresponds to the correct location of the following biomes, and the plant/animal from the list below that exhibits a particular adaptation to the biome. Map Number Biome Plant/animal exhibiting adaptive trait to biome Desert Tundra Grassland Chaparral Tropical Forest Boreal Forest Plants/animals: cactus, prairie dog, pine tree, epiphyte, sedge (low-lying plant), coast live oak 2. (18) Given: K N1 a12 N 2 dN1 r1 N1 1 dt K1 The above logistic growth equation accounts for: (answer “yes” or “no” in the blanks below) _______Carrying capacity _______ Predation or competition _______ Commensalism _______ Density dependent factors _______ Density independent factors _______ Age structure 3. (12) We all know that M.O.L.E. influences local climate. What does the acronym stand for? M:_______________________ O:_______________________ L:_______________________ E:________________________ (10) Explain how one of the above four factors influences climate. 4. (16) Tomato crops are often selectively bred to maximize the size of their fruit. Predict how the root size of a farmed tomato would compare to the roots of a wild tomato? How might this impact soil and nutrient loss on agricultural land? (Note: do NOT consider genetic modification, only selective breeding). 5. (12) What type of relationship do plants have with mychorrizal fungi? Explain. 6. (16) According to metapopulation theory, sub-populations of interacting species can be classified as sources and sinks. Explain the difference between sources and sinks in terms of reproductive fitness. Source: Are sources necessary for long-term viability of the total population? Why(not)? Sink: Are sinks necessary for long-term viability of the total population? Why(not)? 7. (8) List four major factors that influence soil nutrient availability: 1.______________________________________ 2.______________________________________ 3.______________________________________ 4.______________________________________ 8. (16) List 4 characteristics of opportunists, and 4 characteristics of competitors: Opportunists Competitors ____________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________ _____________________________ 9. (14 points) Note: the dotted line represents the theoretical growth curve, the solid line represents the actual growth curve. 1. (8) List two plausible reasons for the declines in population size in the graph above. 2. (6) Do you believe that this organism is an r-strategist, or a k-strategist? Why? 10. (14 points) Does the data presented above support the predictions of optimal foraging theory? Explain. CROSSWORD (4 points per word, 40 points total) Across: 1. 2. 3. 4. This macronutrient does NOT have a gaseous state. The name of my friend the great horned owl. When a12<1, __________-specific competition regulates the population growth of species 1. The total of all biotic and abiotic factors that determine how an organism fits into its environment is called its _____________. 5. Desert plants evolved this type of photosynthesis to prevent water loss from their stomata. Down: 6. A group of similarly aged organisms is called a _________. 7. Exponential population growth/decline results from a _________intrinsic growth rate. 8. Dark brown or black residue of organic matter found in the A horizon of soil. 9. These nitrogen-fixing bacteria form nodules on the roots of legumes. 10. Endothermic organisms spend much of their energy producing __________. 7 1 9 8 6 3 2 10 4 5