Download Reading 14-1 - The Biology Corner

14-1 Human Heredity
Name ________________________________
1. What two organisms are called “model” organisms for genetics? ____________________________
2. What is a karyotype? _______________________________________________________________
3. How many chromosomes are in a normal human? _________
4. For sex chromosomes, females have __________ and males have __________
5. The other 44 chromosomes that are not related to sex are called _____________________________
6. Human geneticists must establish that a trait is actually inherited and not the result of
___________________________
________________________________
7. A _____________________________________chart shows how a trait is inherited in a family.
8. See Fig 14-3.
a. How many children did the original parents in the family have? __________
b. How many grandchildren have the white forelock trait? _______________
c. A circle represents a ______________________________
9. What does “polygenic” mean? ________________________________________________
10. What environmental factor has improved the height of Americans? __________________________
11. Our complete set of genetic information is called The _________________ ___________________
12. Compared to peas and fruit flies, humans produce [ many / few ] offspring.
13. What was one of the first human genes to be identified? __________________________________
14. What happens if a person is given the wrong type of blood? ________________________________
15. What does Rh stand for? _________________________________________
16. A person who is Rh negative has [ two Rh- alleles | only one Rh- allele ]
17. How many alleles are there for blood type? _____________________
18. The alleles for blood type produce different _____________________ on the surface of red blood
cells.
19. People with PKU lack the _____________________ needed to break down phenylalanine. Can a
child born with PKU survive? ________
20. What group of people are most likely to carry Tay Sachs disease? _________________
Is there a cure for Tay Sachs? ______________
21. See Figure 14-6. Match the symptom to the disorder.
______mental deterioration and uncontrollable movement
a. albinism
______ mucus builds up in the lungs
b. Huntington’s disease
______ lack of pigment in skin and eyes
c. cystic fibrosis
22. Name two disorders caused by dominant alleles:
_____________________________________________________________________________
23. What group of people is affected by Sickle cell disease? __________________________________
From Gene to Molecule
24. In both cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease, a small change in the DNA of a single __________
affects the structure of a __________________________, causing a serious genetic disorder.
25. What group of people are affected by Cystic Fibrosis? _________________________________
26. In patients with cyctic fibrosis, ____________________________ ions build up which causes
tissues to malfunction.
27. Sickle shaped cells tend to get stuck in ___________________________________________
This can damage tissues and _________________________________
28. What protein in red blood cells carries oxygen? ____________________________________
29. People who are heterozygous for sickle cells are resistant to what disease? ___________________
30. The sickle cell alleles are thought to be _____________________________ because both alleles
contribute to the phenotype.
How many different phenotypes are associated with the sickle cell allele? _______________
Human Genetics
E
M
F
T
U
C
A
E
C
F
F
B
S
O
T
M
R
N
M
S
L
T
L
R
A
S
M
O
O
I
A
Y
R
E
W
O
R
T
I
L
B
I
T
M
L
Z
S
O
O
W
I
L
C
R
T
O
D
A
C
U
P
A
U
Y
C
H
F
S
A
C
O
I
L
Y
E
A
P
R
H
S
E
E
H
E
C
H
Z
E
I
Y
K
I
T
M
H
C
E
T
N
S
I
Z
M
L
R
F
L
V
K
E
V
T
N
E
T
I
L
S
E
A
E
R
I
D
Y
A
Z
E
Z
L
O
I
S
O
A
Y
O
I
I
I
F
F
E
E
N
A
D
O
E
H
A
F
S
E
H
S
M
C
I
B
R
N
F
I
A
R
L
I
C
N
O
M
I
E
E
M
L
O
I
S
E
L
O
E
S
L
Y
E
R
S
N
R
Y
S
E
I
L
T
E
T
F
U
A
E
N
O
M
O
S
K
T
T
O
R
B
F
P
F
L
N
L
E
C
Y
C
T
E
C
I
S
E
H
O
T
O
E
S
E
T
E
S
U
S
A
O
R
L
H
T
I
B
E
R
N
R
O
S
L
P
O
M
K
I
I
Y
S
Y
N
H
O
N
S
B
E
I
R
I
I
T
E
S
O
N
E
H
H
E
I
C
I
P
T
F
Z
D
S
L
A
T
C
G
T
O
I
I
O
D
N
E
O
I
E
U
O
E
T
E
Y
E
Z
O
I
M
Y
I
N
P
Z
T
I
L
E
W
E
R
C
L
N
I
S
D
G
I
E
O
N
M
S
S
H
I
E
E
T
N
I
I
O
A
N
I
L
I
E
E
O
S
U
D
F
G
T
T
M
E
B
A
O
D
A
S
N
Z
A
R
G
M
R
A
U
H
N
R
T
E
I
G
R
S
E
Y
C
K
D
I
I
T
T
A
S
F
T
N
S
N
C
E
S
N
C
P
E
Y
M
M
O
D
D
O
B
G
I
N
H
T
O
I
C
S
S
C
P
E
F
A
N
O
O
E
Y
Y
I
T
L
Y
R
R
C
E
H
I
E
S
N
E
S
T
I
I
H
F
S
A
I
U
L
A
A
O
E
A
A
E
L
R
N
O
Z
M
T
I
B
G
I
T
O
O
Y
C
B
E
S
T
H
E
S
C
E
E
Y
B
C
N
R
C
R
R
T
I
T
A
V
Y
L
E
blood
transfusion
genetics
chromosome
hemophilia
karyotype
dwarfism
sicklecell
taysachs
Fertilization
autosome
fruitfly
clone
cysticfibrosis
Heterozygous
recessive
dominant
pedigree
albino
inheritance
L
A
N
L
Y
R
D
I
R
R
H
L
V
S
O
N
L
E
U
Y
O
A
T
R
I
F
I
A
A
L
H
C
P
S
E
B
O
C
S
O
L
M
A
E
I
E
I
S
E
R
I
Y
T
E
I
E
L
O
T
T
O
E
I
O
Z
F
S
E
Z
I
R
A
T
T
E
I
O
E
O
E
I
I
O
G
N
E
S
C
T
Y
S
N
O
P
C
T
G
E
T
I