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Cell Reproduction Study Guide
Notes: Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Mitosis, Cell Cycle Regulation, Differentiation and Stem Cells
Chromosome Structure
1) What are the key components of a chromosome?
2) Compare and contrast the makeup of a prokaryotic chromosome verses a eukaryotic
chromosome.
3) What is the difference between a chromosome and chromatin?
4) Define sister chromatids.
5) How many chromosomes are found in a human reproductive cell (egg or sperm)? Is this number
diploid or haploid?
6) How many chromosomes are found in a human body cell? Is this number diploid or haploid?
7) Explain the difference between diploid and haploid.
8) What chromosomes represent a female? a male?
9) Explain the difference between a sex chromosome and an autosome.
Cell Cycle and Reproduction
1) Explain the difference in reproduction between a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
2) What is asexual reproduction? Give two examples.
3) What are the key stages of the cell cycle? What is the proper sequence of those stages?
4) In what stage does the cell spend most of it’s time?
5) What are the key stages of interphase and what occurs in those stages?
6) Describe each stage of mitosis and be able to identify them in a diagram.
7) What is the difference between early prophase and late prophase.
8) Explain the difference between cytokinesis in a plant cell and cytokinesis in an animal cell.
9) Explain the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis.
10) What are spindle fibers and what is their function?
Regulation of the Cell Cycle
1) How does a cell know when to divide?
2) What are the two types of growth factors?
3) Give examples of external factors and internal factors.
4) What is cancer?
5) Explain the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor.
6) Why is a tumor dangerous?
7) What is metastasis?
8) What is a carcinogen? Give examples.
9) How do cells become cancerous?
Differentiation and Stem Cells
1) How does a multicellular organism develop from a single fertilized egg (zygote)?
2) What is the correct sequence of levels of organization from simplest to most complex?
3) Explain the difference between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells?
4) Why are stem cells of medical interest?
Meiosis Study Guide
Notes: Meiosis Notes
Note: You must be able to compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis; therefore you still need to
know all aspects of mitosis and its key concepts.
1. Explain the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell.
2. Explain the difference between a germ cell and a somatic cell. 3. In what types of organisms
does mitosis occur? In what types of organisms does meiosis occur?
4. In what cells does mitosis occur? In what cells does meiosis occur?
5. What are the products of oogenesis?
6. What are the products of spermatogenesis?
7. How many divisions characterize a mitotic division (mitosis)? How many divisions characterize a
meiotic division (meiosis)?
8. If a human diploid cell underwent mitosis, how many daughter cells would there be and how many
chromosomes would each cell have? Would the daughter cells be diploid or haploid?
9. If a human diploid cell underwent meiosis, how many daughter cells would there be and how many
chromosomes would each cell have? Would the daughter cells be diploid or haploid?
10. What symbols are used to represent diploid and haploid.
11. What is the difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes?
12. What are gametes? Are they diploid or haploid?
13. What is fertilization?
14. What is a zygote?
15. What is crossing over, when does it occur and what is its importance to sexual reproduction?
16. What is a tetrad?
17. Why do cells undergo mitosis?
18. Why do cells undergo meiosis?
19. What is the correct sequence of phases in meiosis (be able to identify all phases and what
characterizes each phase)?
20. Why is it necessary for meiosis to reduce the number of chromosomes?
21. How many daughter cells are left at the end of meiosis I?
22. Are the daughter cells of mitosis identical or unique?
23. Are the daughter cells of meiosis identical or unique?