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Pre-Modern World History Mr. Normant’s Pre-Modern World History Final Exam Review Guide 2009-2010 Mr. Normant Pre-Modern World History Mr. Normant Africa Key Terms Mali Ghana Mansa Musa Sundiata Sahara Desert griots Maghan Sogolon Sassouma Sumaguru animism Bantu Trans-Saharan Trade Routes gold salt camel caravans Timbuktu trade surplus scarcity inflation barter Ibn Battuta Ibn Fadl Allah al Omari Kilwa Swahili Portuguese conquests enslavement Aksum Adulis Ethiopia Ge’ez Kush King Solomon Queen of Sheba Ezana Lalibela Churches Mahrem pillars Terraces Songhai Key Questions 1. How does trade affect culture? 2. What are the conditions needed for long-distance trade? 3. What misconceptions about Africa can be proven wrong by looking at the ancient Kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, and Aksum? 4. What is the significance of the lost libraries of Timbuktu? 5. Describe the gold-salt trade and the journeys taken to make it possible. 6. What role did religion play in the development of the Kingdom of Aksum? 7. How did the spread of Islam contribute to the fall of Aksum? 8. Why has the story of Sundiata remained such an important story in African culture? Pre-Modern World History Mr. Normant Byzantine Empire and Russia Key Terms Justinian Justinian Code Byzantine Empire Hagia Sophia Nika Rebellion Hippodrome Belisarius Theodora Saint Cyril Cyrillic Alphabet excommunication Russia Slavs Dnieper River Novgorod Rurik Oleg Kiev The Primary Chronicle Olga Vladimir Yaroslav the Wise Genghis Khan Mongols khanates Alexander Nevsky Ivan I Ivan III Key Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Why was the Byzantine Empire compared with the rest of Europe at the time? What are the characteristics of Byzantine Art? What caused the First Great Schism in the Church? How did the Russian Empire get formed? How was Genghis Khan so successful in his conquests? How did Ivan III finally allow Russia to pursue its own Empire? Pre-Modern World History Mr. Normant Middle Ages Key Terms Charlemagne Charles Martel Pope Leo III Carolingian Dynasty Otto the Great Holy Roman Empire Franks Papacy secular clergy monastery Benedict Scholastica Pepin the Short simony heresy Gothic lay investiture Gregory I Henry IV Concordat of Worms Great Schism iconoclast Feudalism Lord vassal fief knight serf manor chivalry troubador Frederick I Crusades Pope Urban II Saladin Richard the Lion-Hearted Philip II Edessa Jerusalem Children’s Crusade Reconquista Inquisition three-field system guilds apprentice journeyman master Commercial Revolution vernacular universities Thomas Aquinas Vikings Magyars Muslim Turks Avignon Great Schism bubonic plague Hundred Years War Joan of Arc Magna Carta Key Questions 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. What happens after the fall of an Empire? How do people get power? What was the significance of the Carolingian Dynasty to Europe? Describe the structure and relationships of the Feudal System. What was the Code of Chivalry? What were some of its laws? How and why did the Church gain and maintain so much power? What was contentious about the relationship between Popes and Emperors? What were the goals of each of the first four Crusades? What was the result of each? What were the short- and long-term impacts of the Black Death? What was the significance of the Hundred Years’ War? Pre-Modern World History Mr. Normant 17. What is the long-term impact of the Magna Carta? Renaissance and Reformation Key Terms Renaissance Medici Family Lorenzo de Medici City-States humanism secularism individualism capitalism patrons Renaissance Man Baldassare Castiglione The Courtier Leonardo da Vinci “Mona Lisa” Michaelangelo “The David” Raphael “School of Athens” perspective Niccolo Machiavelli “The Prince” Christian Humanism Thomas More Desiderius Erasmus Utopia In Praise of Folly Christine de Pizan Queen Elizabeth I Elizabethan Age William Shakespeare Johann Gutenberg printing press vernacular Reformation Martin Luther 95 Theses John Wycliffe indulgence University of Wittenberg salvation Johann Tetzel Pope Leo X Emperor Charles V Lutherans Protestantism excommunication Peace of Augsburg Diet of Worms Cuius regio, eius religio sacraments Calvinism predestination John Calvin Henry VIII annul Anglican Church Institues of the Christian Religion Saint Ignatius of Loyola Catholic Reformation Jesuits Council of Trent Key Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What was the legacy of the Renaissance in terms of arts and society? What role did Humanism play in the emergence of the Renaissance? Why did the Renaissance develop in Italy? What caused the Reformation? Why was Luther upset with the Church and how did he respond? What was the outcome of the Protestant Reformation? The Catholic Reformation? How did Calvin, Luther, and the Church differ in their beliefs? Pre-Modern World History Mr. Normant Exploration Key Terms Prince Henry Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan Bartholomeu Dias Francisco Vazquez de Coronado Conquistadores Hernando Cortes Francisco Pizzaro Aztecs Montezuma II Mayans Incas Guns, Germs, and Steel Andean Region Tenochtitlan Juan Ponce de Leon Pedro Alvares Cabral Treaty of Tordesillas peninsulares mesitzos ecnomiendas encomenderos viceroy audiencia colony New Spain Jamestown Atlantic Slave Trade capture phase Middle Passage “seasoning phase” Olaudah Equiano Triangular Trade mercantilism capitalism tariff subsidy potato disease sugar cash crops Line of Demarcation caravel joint-stock company Pope Alexander VI favorable balance of trade Vasco da Gama slaves Amerigo Vespucci Vasco Nunez de Balboa Dutch East India Company Key Questions 1. Why did European countries first begin exploration of the “New World”? Was that their intended destination? 2. What did European countries hope to gain from their exploration? 3. Upon first arriving in the Americas, what did European explorers expect to find? What did they find instead? 4. Why were Europeans able to conquer the peoples of the Americas instead of vice versa? 5. How did European countries set up their colonies in the New World? 6. How did the system of Mercantilism relate to colonization? 7. What were the long- and short-term impacts of the Columbian Exchange? 8. What were the reasons and justifications for the emergence of the Atlantic Slave Trade? Pre-Modern World History Mr. Normant Absolutism, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment Key Terms Absolutism absolute monarchs Louis XIV Versailles “Sun King” Louis XV War of Spanish Succession “divine right” Thirty Years’ War Seven Years’ War War of Austrian Succession nobles court English Civil War Glorious Revolution Scientific Revolution geocentric theory Ptolemy heliocentric theory Nicolaus Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Starry Messenger scientific method hypothesis Isaac Newton Law of Gravity Edward Jenner vaccines Enlightenment John Locke natural rights Thomas Hobbes Leviathan social contract philosophes reason nature happiness progress liberty Voltaire Baron de Montesquieu separation of powers freedom equality Jean Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract Cesare Beccaria Mary Wollstonecraft Enlightened Despots individualism Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence Key Questions 1. What led to the emergence of Absolutism? What did it have to do with previous power structures? 2. What were the goals of Absolute Monarchs? 3. Why did absolutism lead to so much war? 4. What led to the emergence of the Scientific Revolution? 5. How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment? 6. How did the Enlightenment change society forever? 7. What does the American Revolution owe to the Enlightenment?
