Download Chapter 1: Cells

Chapter 1: Cells
1. Cell- the basic unit that makes up living things.
2. What three things does the cell theory state? (essay)
a. All living things are made of one or more cells.
b. The cell is the smallest unit of a living organism.
c. Cells come from other cells.
3. Organelles- the smaller structures in a cell that perform specific
functions in the cell.
4. Nucleus- directs the activities of the cell.
5. A nucleus is what part of a cell?
An organelle
6. Cell Membrane- a thin, flexible covering that surrounds all types of
cells.
7. Cell Wall- a rigid outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane.
8. Cytoplasm- the thick fluid between the nucleus and the cell membrane
that contains all the remaining organelles.
9. Ribosome- a type of organelle that is not surrounded by a membrane
and assembles compounds called proteins.
10. Lysosome- small, ball-shaped organelle that helps the cell break down
nutrients and old cell parts.
11. Vacuoles- membrane-bound sacs that are filled with fluid; they store
water, food, waste, and other substances the cell processes.
12. Chloroplast- an organelle that contains pigments that absorb sunlight.
13. Mitochondria- large, peanut-shaped organelle that breaks down sugar
when it reacts with oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, water, and a
lot of energy.
14. The number of mitochondria in a plant or animal cell is determined by
the amount of energy a cell needs.
15. Endoplasmic Reticulum- system of membranes and tubes through
which materials can pass.
16. Name the life processes of all living things. (essay)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Take in food
Get rid of waste
Digest nutrients
Store and use energy
Be able to grow
Be able to reproduce
17. What important job does bacteria have? (essay)
Breaking down the remains of dead plants and animals and
returning materials from dead organisms back to the
environment, where new organisms can use them.
18. Cilia- small hairs that sweep food particles into a paramecium’s oral
groove.
19. Diffusion- the movement of particles from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
20. Osmosis- diffusion in which water passes through the cell membrane.
21. Flagellum- a tail that acts like a whip.
22. Classification- process of sorting things by how they are alike and
how they are different.
23. Kingdom- a large group into which organisms are organized according
to their traits.
24. Most scientists today recognize six kingdoms of living things.
25. Describe the characteristics of the kingdom monerans.
They are single-celled organisms that do not possess a
nucleus or other internal organelles.
26. Fungi- absorbs food and helps break down dead plants and animal
matter.
27. Fungi are classified differently than plants. Explain why?
Fungi cannot manufacture their own food as plants do.
28. Invertebrate- an animal that does not have an internal skeleton or a
backbone.
29. Name some animals that are considered invertebrates.
Clams, snails, crabs, insects, and worms
30. Vertebrate- an animal that does have an internal skeleton and a
backbone.
31. What is the purpose of skin cells?
They form a protective layer around an animal’s body.
32. Tissue- a large group of similar specialized cells.
33. Organ- a group of related tissues that perform a specific function.
34. Organ System- a group of related organs that work together to
perform a specific function.
35. Which system brings oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide
from it?
Respiratory System
36. List the organs in the nervous system.
eyes, brain, spinal cord, and nerves
37. The muscular system of the human body has three types of muscle
tissue. Name those three types of muscle tissue. (essay)
a. smooth
b. cardiac
c. skeletal
38. What is a ligament?
Stringy tissue that holds bones together
39. Describe the purpose of the endocrine system.
The endocrine system produces the rush of energy you feel
when you are frightened or excited.