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USHG Regents Review, Study Sheet 5 – WWI, Progressivism, Imperialism, Immigration The Progressive Movement – movement to help the common man Life in cities: slums Urbanization Democratic party powerful in cities Political Boss New York political machine Tammany Hall Urban dwelling Tenements Journalists and writers exposing ills of society Muckrakers The Jungle by Upton Sinclair How the other half lives by Jacob Riis The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens A History of Standard Oil by Ida Tarbell Initiative, Referendum, Recall Election, Primary Election: state results of Progressive movement Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal Progressive reform Progressive reform Would give common man, labor a fair deal, not just side with big business "Trust-Busting" Broke up railroads Northern Securities V. US 1902 Roosevelt Conservation Progressive reform Graduated (Progressive)Income Tax Strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act; progressive Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 Jane Adams Hull House Settlement Houses Income tax 16th Amendment Popular election of senators 17th Amendment Prohibition 18th Amendment Women’s suffrage 19th Amendment No alcohol Temperance Movement Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Carrie Nation Temperance movement Illegal bar Speakeasy Illegally making or importing alcohol Bootlegging Reversed Prohibition 21st Amendment Immigration 19th century policy: all were welcome; needed labor Open Door Policy during industrialization NW Europe- Britain, Germany "Old immigrants" SE Europe – Italy, Greece, Russia, Poland, etc. Jews "New immigrants" Theories of integration Assimilation, “Melting Pot" Anti-foreigner backlash Nativism 19th century nativist party Know-nothing Party First nativist legislation Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 T.R. Roosevelt’s Agreement with Japan limiting Gentlemen's Agreement with immigration Japan 1907-1908 Excluded illiterate immigrants Literacy Tests 1917 Severely limited immigration; ended the New Quota Acts 1921 & 1924 Immigration Reasons for Spanish American War 1. Imperialism – belief that U.S, should be a world power; should have colonies 2. The Maine blew up in Havana Harbor 3. Yellow Journalism – inflamed anti-Spanish sentiment; Spanish portrayed as brutal 4. De Lome Letter – insulted President McKinley USHG Regents Review, Study Sheet 5 – WWI, Progressivism, Imperialism, Immigration Results of Spanish American War Imperialism; acquisition of Philippines, Puerto Rico, (Cuba) Teddy Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt U.S. will intervene to protect its interests "Big Stick Policy" Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine American Foreign Policy at outbreak of WWI Neutrality 1914-1916 Desire to stay out of foreign conflict Isolationism Reasons for entering WWI 1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 2. Lusitania 3. Zimmerman Telegram Espionage Act 1917 Sedition Act 1918 Schenck V. US Debs Case War Labor Board War Industries Board Food Administration 14 Points Treaty of Versailles League of Nations Harsh laws outlawing spying and anti-government speech "Clear and Present Danger"; speech not protected during wartime Sentenced to 10 years for antiwar speech Organized labor Organized factories Organized food supply Wilson’s Internationalism Ended war; Senate did not ratify New international body; U.S. did not join _____1) A goal of President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy and President William Howard Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy policy toward Latin America was to A. join Western Hemisphere nations in a military alliance B. protect American economic and political interests C. encourage foreign nations to establish colonies D. raise Latin America’s standard of living _____2) A. B. C. D. A major reason the United States entered World War I was to gain additional colonial possessions react to the bombing of Pearl Harbor safeguard freedom of the seas for United States ships honor prewar commitments to its military allies _____3) Which factor contributed most to the growth of nativist attitudes in the United States in the years immediately following World War I? A. the establishment of national Prohibition B. a decline of organized religions C. the increase in the number of settlement houses D. the large numbers of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe _____4) An important result of the Spanish-American War of 1898 was that the United States A. acquired territories in Africa B. became a world power with an overseas empire C. improved its relations with Germany D. lost interest in Latin American affairs USHG Regents Review, Study Sheet 5 – WWI, Progressivism, Imperialism, Immigration _____5) The “new immigrants” to the United States between 1890 and 1915 came primarily from A. southern and eastern Europe B. northern and western Europe C. East Asia D. Latin America _____6) A. B. C. D. Both the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act were inspired by the effectiveness of earlier state laws designed to protect business from foreign competition declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the late 1800s passed by the federal government to regulate big business _____7) Why was there increased interest in building a canal across Central America in the late 1800s? A. The United States had acquired colonies in the Pacific region. B. Tariffs on Chinese and Japanese products had ended. C. The main source of immigration had shifted from northern Europe to southern Europe. D. Transcontinental railroads had not yet been completed _____8) A. B. C. D. A goal of the Progressive movement was to reduce the government’s involvement in social issues correct the problems caused by industrialization promote laissez-faire policies promote settlement of land west of the Mississippi River _____9) Which idea led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Food and Drug Administration? A. Business activity must sometimes be regulated in the public interest. B. Workers should be allowed to bargain with owners for working conditions. C. Domestic industry should be protected from foreign competition. D. The economy works best without government regulation. _____10) When the Federal Reserve Board lowers interest rates, it is most likely attempting to A. stimulate consumer spending B. lower prices C. encourage saving D. reduce investment _____11) At the beginning of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson followed a traditional United States foreign policy by A. refusing to permit trade with either side in the conflict B. sending troops to aid Great Britain C. declaring American neutrality D. requesting an immediate declaration of war against the aggressors USHG Regents Review, Study Sheet 5 – WWI, Progressivism, Imperialism, Immigration _____12) A. B. C. The influence of Nativism during the 1920s is best illustrated by the increase in the popularity of the automobile emergence of the flappers expansion of trusts and monopolies D. growth of the Ku Klux Klan _____13) Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I.____________________________________ 1. Sea power is the key to national greatness. 2. United States missionaries spread Christian principles. 3. The Anglo-Saxon civilization is the best in the world. 4. Sugar plantations in Hawaii were developed by Americans. A. B. C. D. Reasons to Declare War on Spain Justification for American Imperialism Theodore Roosevelt’s Political Platform Yellow Journalism in Newspapers _____14) The initiative, the referendum, and the recall were adopted by several states during the Progressive Era as ways to A. limit immigration B. promote the formation of trusts C. restrict the use of presidential vetoes D. make government more democratic _____15) According to the map, in which region of the United States did women receive the most support for equal suffrage before passage of the 19th amendment? A. East C. North B. South D. West