Download Classification, Immune System, Bacteria, Viruses

preAP/GT S12
Ch. 19 Bacteria and Viruses Review
Name ____________________
Period______________
1.
Why is it important to sterilize the Petri dishes and agar before growing bacteria? Prevent crosscontamination
2. Which of the following is the smallest in size? Circle one: bacterium animal cell virus
3. What is the difference between passive short-term injection of serum antibodies and active
immunity?Life-long – get the disease
4. Draw and name the 3 shapes of bacteria. Cocci – round
, Bacilli – rod
; Spirilla - spiral
5. How can HIV be spread? blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk How can you avoid HIV?avoid
those fluids of an infected person
6. What does an antibiotic do? interfere with cellular processes of bacteria
7. Where can bacteria be found? everywhere
8. List examples of uses for helpful bacteria. Decomposers, nitrogen fixation, produce foods like yogurt,
cheese
9. What does a vaccine do? trick body into producing antibodies
10. Which kingdom(s) contain prokaryotes? Archaebacteria and eubacteria
11. What are the bacterial kingdoms? Archaebacteria and eubacteria
12. What are the two ways in which bacteria cause disease? either break down tissues of infected cells or
produce toxins
13. List the major groups of pathogens to humans. Bacteria, virus, worms, fungi, protists
14. What is a virus? Non-living particle that is host and tissue specific.
15. What is a viroid? What is a prion? Viroid - just nucleic acid; infects plants
Prion - just protein; infects
animals (ex. Mad Cow disease)
16. List and describe the various methods of reproduction in bacteria. Binary fission - bacteria replicates DNA
then splits; ASEXUAL form of reproduction
Conjugation - bacteria shares DNA with other bacteria
through pili; simple form of SEXUAL reproduction
Endospores - not repro but “dormant” stage that
allows bacteria to live through non-ideal times.
17. Why are viruses not considered to be truly “living” organisms? Don’t demonstrate all characteristics of life
such as true reproduction, use of energy, and independent growth
18. Overuse of antibiotics has caused bacteria to become resistant to our best arsenal of antibiotics. This is
due to _natural selection_ of the bacteria in which only those with the resistant genes survive.
Matching.
19. dormant cycle of viral infection d
a. prokaryote
20. organism without a nucleus a
b. antibiotics
21. organism with a nucleus g
c. HIV
22. destructive cycle of viral infection f
d. Lysogenic
23. kills bacteria b
e. capsid
24. causes infectious diseases j
f. Lytic
25. instrument used to see bacteria i
g. eukaryote
26. instrument used to see viruses h
h. electron microscope
27. protein coat of a virus e
i. compound/light microscope
28. virus that causes AIDS c
j. pathogen
29. virus that attacks bacteria k
k. bacteriophage
30. visible group of bacteria n
l. agar
31. growth medium for bacteria l
m. virus
32. all are obligate parasites m
n. colony
Matching. Which type of pathogen causes the following diseases?
33. smallpox a
a. virus
34. tooth decay b
b. bacteria
35. HIV/AIDS a
c. prion
36. tuberculosis b
37. Lyme disease b
38. herpes a
39. flu a
40. diphtheria b
41. Mad Cow Disease c
42. strep throat b
*Study chapter 19 review on pages 493-494.
43. What is the germ theory of disease? Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms of different types,
commonly called “germs”
44. List the five agents of disease. Virus, bacteria, worms, fungi, protists
45. How are diseases spread? Person to person, contaminated food and water, vectors
46. How are bacterial infections treated? Antibiotics Prevented? Vaccines; avoid contact
47. How are viral infections treated? Anti-virals Prevented? Vaccines; avoid contact
preAP/GT S12
48. Differentiate between specific directed against a particular pathogen; and non-specific defense. not
directed against a particular pathogen;
49. Differentiate between first line, Barriers to outside second line inflammatory to pathogens which release
toxins into body. and third line of defense. specialized cells that attack the pathogen
50. What is interferon? proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens
51. Differentiate between humoral immunity respond to antigens (proteins on outer membrane of the pathogens)
and cell-mediated immunity. Attack antigen-bearing cells
52. What is active immunity Life-long – get the disease and how is it different from passive immunityshort term
– injected with vaccine?
53. An overreaction of the immune system to an antigen is referred to as _allergies_.
54. What is the function of histamines? chemicals released by cells of the immune system during the
inflammatory response
55. What is an autoimmune disease? Immune systems turns on and fights the body List a few examples.
Rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis
56. How does the environment affect your immune system? What you come in contact with in your environment
can affect how your body reacts and protects you.
57. List four behaviors important in maintaining health. A. Cleanliness B. Regular check-ups C. Proper nutrition
D. Keep vaccinations up to date
*Study chapter 40 review on pages 1057-1058
__B___ 58.The first time your body encounters a foreign organism, your immune system fights
the organism by using __?_; also called the body’s first line of defense.
A. specific immunity
B. non-specific immunity
C. antihistamines
D. T-cells
__A___ 59. White blood cells that recognize and destroy specific foreign organisms are called
A. B- cells
B. histamines
C. macrophages
D. lysomes
_B____ 60. Which is NOT part of your body’s first line of defense against disease?
A. macrophages
B. T-cells
C. stomach acid
D. mucous membranes
_B____ 61. Which is NOT true about specific immunity?
A. The body had already been exposed to the antigen.
B. Macrophages ingest the antigen.
C. T-cells attach to the antigen.
D. Suppressor B-cells stop the attack on the antigen.
__D___ 62. Which is NOT true about T-cells?
A. They mature in the thymus.
B. They form in the bone marrow.
C. They are deficient in people with HIV.
D. They ingest disease-causing organisms, using pseudopods.
True or False: On the lines provided write T for true statements and F for any false statements.
___F__ 63. Phagocytosis occurs when mast cells eat antigens.
___T__ 64. Some lymphocytes destroy antigens the first time the two meet.
___F__ 65. Most antigens break the immune system’s first line of defense and are destroyed by
lymphocytes.
__T___ 66. Vaccines introduce antigens into the body; as a result, the immune system learns to
recognize and destroy the antigen the next time it enters the body.
Matching: Write the letter of the term that matches the description on the lines provided.
A. allergen
B. histamine
C. phagocyte
D. specific immunity
E. vaccination
___C__ 67. Cell that ingest antigens.
___D__ 68. Cell Mediated response to specific antigens that occurs after first exposure to the
disease organism.
____B_ 69. A chemical released by mast cells that causes swelling, increased mucus and allergy
symptoms.
____E_ 70. The introduction of dead or weakened antigens into the body that results in lasting
immunity.
preAP/GT S12
Label the parts of the bacteriophage below.
71. . capsid
72. tail sheath
73. DNA
74. tail fibers
Label the bacterium below.
75 A -cell wall
76. B – cell membrane
77. D - DNA
78. C – flagellum
E - pili
71
.
72
73
74