Download CIVIL WAR STUDY GUIDE

CIVIL WAR STUDY GUIDE
15-4 & Chapter 16 (Sections 1-5)
15-4
Who attacked Harper’s Ferry in 1859? JOHN BROWN
In the election of 1860 there were 4 candidates.
They were from the following parties.
Northern Democratic - Party--------Stephen Douglas_candidate.
Southern Democratic - Party--------John Breckinridge- candidate.
Constitutional Union - Party--------John Bell- candidate.
Republican - Party---Abe Lincoln- candidate.
Lincoln’s name did not appear on ballots in most Southern states.
How was Lincoln able to win the Presidency even though he only received
40% of the popular vote?
the more populated Northern states OUTVOTED the less populated states.
There was an attempt at a compromise. Who proposed it? What did it say?
John Crittenden proposed it—it was a series of amendments that attempted
to reinstate the Missouri Compromise. It failed.
The Confederate States of America were formed in Montgomery, Alabama
when the following states met in February of 1861.
1. South Carolina
4. Georgia
7. Louisiana
2. Florida
5. Alabama
3. Texas
6. Mississippi
Who did they pick for their President? Jefferson Davis- former Senator
from Mississippi
Inaugural Addresses:
Read both addresses found on page 450. How were both addresses similar?
Both addresses the speak of the possibility of civil war
REVIEW OVER THE MAP ON p.452
What was the first state to secede? South Carolina
When did this occur? December 20, 1860
Describe the importance of Fort Sumter.
Fort Sumter was a fort in Charleston Harbor. This fort was the site of the
beginning of the Civil War when Confederate forces (under Beauregard)
fired on the fort on APRIL 12, 1861. The fort surrendered about a day later
after heavy bombardment.
16-1
The following states were all considered border states:
1. Delaware
2. Maryland
3. Missouri
4. Kentucky
Describe why each of the above was strategically important.
1. It is close to Philadelphia and key lines of transportation
2. surrounds the Union capital and is close the Confederate capital of
Richmond
3. Controls portions of the Mississippi River
4. Controls portions of the Ohio River
Which Southern state had an area in it that opposed secession ? Viriginia
What state was formed as a result of it? West Virginia
Fill in as many facts for the two sides that you can find!
Union/ Northern Advantages
__Population
__railroad mileage
__Natural Resources
__Money
__ Lincoln’s leadership
Confederate/Southern Advantages
_Strong support of white population
_Better military leaders
_Knowledge of the land
_Better motivation-fighting for
homes/way of life
Union Disadvantages
_poor support
_would have to fight and hold
hostile territory and population
_______________________
Confederate Disadvantages
_all listed Union ADVATAGES
_ states rights idea – lacked power
to solve Confederacy’s problem
___________________________
REVIEW OVER THE CHART ON P.462 on “Comparing Resources”
The Union’s original aim was to __Bring back the seceded states___.
The Confederacy’s original aim or goal was to__win recognition as
independent nation__.
The Union strategy to win the war had 3 main parts:
1. Blockade southern ports
2. Control the Mississippi River
3. Capture Confederate capital of Richmond
The South had hoped that two foreign powers would come to their aid
during the war. Those two foreign countries were France&Great Britain.
NICKNAMES: Union soldiers were known as Billy Yank & Confederate
soldiers were called Jonny Reb.
16-2
The first major land battle of the Civil War was Bull Run or Manasas. It
occurred JULY, 1861 in Virginia.
On the Union side , IRVIN MCDOWELL led the Northern soldiers and on
the Confederate side they were led by BEAUREGARD & JACKSON .
This battle is important for several reasons:
“STONEWALL” JACKSON - earned his nickname
REBEL YELL- first heard (used by Confederates to intimidate)
George McClellan was put in overall command of the ARMY OF THE
POTOMAC after the previous Union commander was removed from
command following the loss.
Blockade runners were important because :_COULD SAIL IN AND OUT OF
SOUTHERN PORTS AND SUPPLY THE CONFEDERACY WITH MUCH
NEEDED GOODS__.
The famous Battle of the Ironclads occurred:
DATE- MARCH 9.1862
PLACE- HAMPTON ROADS, VIRGINIA
UNION IRONCLAD- MONITOR
CONFEDERATE IRONCLAD- MERRIMAC/ VIRGINIA
The first Union victory of the war occurred April 6 & 7 at the Battle of
_SHILOH.
The Union commander at this battle was _GRANT ( SHERMAN). The name
of the battle comes from what? A SMALL CHURCH NEAR THE
BATTLEFIELD
His nickname came from a previous battle where he ordered the “immediate
and “UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER” of his enemy.
The Confederate city of NEW ORLEANS was captured by David Farragut in
April of 1862. This city’s capture was important because:UNION NOW
CONTROLLED LARGE PARTS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER-ALSO THE
CONFEDERACY’S LARGEST CITY WAS NOW IN UNION HANDS_.
Union commander McClellan first major “campaign” was known as the
Peninsular. During this campaign there were a series of battles over several
days—this would be known as SEVEN DAYS Battle.
This battle would be important to the South because what man took
command during the battle due to an injury to another Confederate
commander? ROBERT E. LEE
Also during this battle Confederate commander J.E.B. Stuart, who
commanded the CAVLARY, circled the entire Union army gaining important
information.
The first time the Confederates invaded Northern territory in the fall of 1862
the Battle of ANTIETAM occurred.
This battle is important because it is the single bloodiest day in American
history- the date was SEPTEMEBER 17,1862.
The Union called this a victory because : THEY FORCED LEE TO
RETREAT BACK INTO VIRGINIA
Lincoln was upset with McClellan following this battle and replaced him
with AMBROSE BURNSIDE first & last name)
16-3
Following the Union victory at Antietam Lincoln decided to issue the
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION _. This would take effect on
JANNUARY 1ST - 1863date)
This would change the focus of the war—Explain!
NOW THE WAR WOULD BE WAGED TO BRING SECEDED STATES
AND TO END THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY IN THE U.S. FOREVER!
Read the quote on p.474 concerning Lincoln’s views on slavery.
Why did he not decide to issue the document earlier in the war?
HE DID NOT WANT TO ISSUE SUCH AN IMPORTANT DOCUMENT
AFTER A LOST BATTLE BECAUSE IT WOULD BE VIEWED AS AN
ACTION OF A DESPERATE MAN, IN A DESPERATE TIME.
Eventually the _13TH_ Amendment would abolish slavery officially in
the United States.
The proclamation also allowed for the enlistment of African Americans into
the Union army. Eventually they would make up 10% of the total Union
army. They would also make up nearly 18% of the Union navy personnel.
The most famous African American Regiment was the 54 Massachusetts
who displayed great bravery on an attack in July of 1863 outside the city of
CHARLESTON , South Carolina.
16-4
The rifles of the Civil war had greater ACCURACY AND RANGE then
previous muskets in previous wars.
Women served in the following professions during the war”
OFFICE WORKERS, GOVERNMENT CLERKS, TEACHERS,
MANAGED FAMILY FARMS, FACTORY WORKERS, ETC.
This was the first time that women served as NURSES in large numbers.
DORTHEA DIX organized women who wanted to serve as nurses. CLARA
BARTON also helped organize aid and eventually founded the American
chapter of the Red Cross.
Some women were also spies- List some facts about the following women
Rose Greenhow- CONFEDERATE SPY, HELPED BEAREGARD, WAS
CAUGHT AND EXILED TO CONFEDERACY-DROWNED TRYING TO
GET BACK INTO THE SOUTH
Belle Boyd- CONFEDERATE SPY, IN WEST VIRGINIA AREA, HELPED
JACKSON GET INFO ON THE SHENDOAH VALLEY- MADE LIVING
OFF HER EXPLOITS FOLLOWING THE WAR.
Some Democrats called peace or negotiating with the Confederacy. They
were nickname _COPPERHEADS.
Lincoln did suspend some Constitutional rights during the war.
The right of habeas corpus was suspended. Explain what this right protects
American citizens from? THIS PROTECTS CITIZENS FROM BEING
JAILED INDEFINATELY WITHOUT A HEARING-BY SUSPENDING THIS
LINCOLN COULD JAIL PEOPLE (INDEFINATELY) HE THOUGHT (BUT
COULDN’T PROVE) MIGHT BE HELPING THE SOUTH
There was opposition to the war and both sides had to eventually draft
soldiers to fill the ranks. The Union used BOUNTIES or payments or
rewards to encourage soldiers to sign up.
Some opposition turned violent. In July of 1863 the Union experienced
rioting, looting and murder over 4 days. These actions occurred in what
city? NYC
Read the section on TECHNOLOGY AND HISTORY – CIVIL WAR
CAMERA.
16-5
The Union army in the East was known as the Army of the POTOMAC. The
Confederate army in the East was known as the Army of _NORTHERN
VIRGINIA .
On December 13, 1862 – The Battle of FREDERICKSBURG occurred.
The Union leader AMBROSE BURNSIDE was defeated by Confederate
general Robert E. Lee.
Following the defeat, JOSEPH HOOKER was the new Union commander.
He attempted to crush Lee’s army in May at the Battle of
CHANCELLORSVILLE_. This battle was devastating to the Confederates
because:_STONEWALL JACKSON WAS ACCIDENTLY SHOT BY HIS
OWN TROOPS AND LATER DIED_.
The most famous battle of the war was the Battle of Gettysburg- Explain
how this battle happened “by accident”.—CONFEDERATE INFANTRY
WENT INTO THE TOWN OF GETTYSBURG BECAUSE THEY HAD
HEARD A (FALSE) REPORT THAT THERE WAS A SHOE FACTORY IN
THE TOWN. UNION CAVLARY ENCOUNTERED THEM THERE AND
THE BATTLE BEGAN—EVENTUALLY 150,000 MEN WOULD FIGHT
OVER 3 DAYS.
Who was the Union commander at this battle? GEORGE MEADE
Following the Battle of Gettysburg- the important city of _VICKSBURG_
was captured by Union general U.S. Grant on July 4, 1863. Why was this
victory so important to the Union cause? THIS GAVE THE UNION TOTAL
CONTROL OF THE MISSIPPI RIVER
An important part of the war was to weaken the “heart” of the Confederacy.
Union general William T. Sherman had won key victories in Tennessee.
He captured the Confederate city of Atlanta and then prepared to “MARCH
TO THE SEA”. This march would go from Atlanta to SAVANNAH_.
This occurred in what year? 1864
This type of war was known as TOTAL WAR.
After Grant’s victory at Chattanooga, Lincoln said what about him?(p.488).
I CAN’T SPARE THIS MAN, HE FIGHTS!
REVIEW MAPS ON P. 488- 489 on BATTLES & STRATEGIES and
FINAL BATTLES!
Read and review over the Linking Past & Present section on Hard Tack to
MRE’S.
The war came to an end after a long siege of the Virginia city of
PETERSBURG_. This happened in _APRIL of 1865.
Lee finally surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia village known as
APPOMATTAX COURTHOUSE on APRIL 9, 1865.
Total casualties during the war was near _600,000.
The war also strengthened the FEDERAL government over _STATE _
government.