Download Location of major physical features

Location of major physical features
►Rocky Mountains
►Appalachian Mountains
►Pacific Mountain Ranges
►Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans
►Gulf of Mexico
►Great Plains
►Piedmont
Subregions
►Subregions of the United States
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
►Subregions of Canada
Atlantic Provinces
Core Provinces
Prairie Provinces
Pacific Province and Territories
Subregions of United States
►Northeast:
•
New England —six northern states of
Northeast:
►-Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Mass., Rhode Island, Connecticut
•
Middle Atlantic states: Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey
•
Northeast has only 5% of land, but 20% of population
Northeast
►Europeans settled here first; region served as immigration “gateway”
►Northeast was, and is, U.S. heart of trade, commerce, industry
Philadelphia, Boston, New York City:
international trade centers
U.S. industrialization fueled by
Pennsylvania coal, iron ore, oil
Northeast
►Today most people are employed in manufacturing, service industries
►Rich farmland in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey
►New England too hilly, rocky for much agriculture
►“Rust belt”: some Mid-Atlantic industry declined, moved south, west
NE: Growth of the Megalopolis
•
Megalopolis—several large cities grow together
“BoWash:” Boston, New York City,
Washington,D.C.
Philadelphia,
-
500 miles; 1/6 of U.S. population;
connected by road, rail, air links
Midwest Region
Region: the Midwest
►The Midwest —north-central U.S., known as the American Heartland
1/5 of U.S. land, 1/4 of population
early settlers came from Britain,
Germany, Scandinavia
Midwest
►Agricultural and Industrial Heartland
•
Central location, soil, climate make it nation’s “breadbasket”
corn, wheat, soy beans, meat, dairy; meat- packing, food-processing
•
Trade, distribution on Great Lakes, Mississippi, with Chicago as hub
cities near Great Lakes: Chicago, Cleveland,
Detroit, Milwaukee
on rivers: Cincinnati, St. Louis,
Minneapolis/St. Paul, Omaha
Midwest
►Changing Face of the Midwest
•
Farm numbers declining, more people working in service industries
•
Metropolitan areas expand as people leave cities for suburbs
•
People and industries moving to warmer South and West
Map of the South Region
Region: The South
►The Region
•
The South —1/4 of U.S. land, more than 1/3 of population
11 states were once part of the Civil War Confederacy
Texas was in Confederacy, sometimes
considered part of Southwest
The South
►The Old South
•
Virginia was England’s first American colony
•
South’s ethnic mix includes Africans, Hispanics, Cajuns, Creoles
•
Once agricultural, rural; now rapidly changing, cities growing
The South
►The New South
•
Agriculture: cotton, tobacco, fruits, peanuts, rice, livestock
•
Energy resources and air conditioning boost industry in 1950s
“Sunbelt” attracts manufacturing, tourists, retirees
industries: petroleum, steel, chemicals, textiles,
electronics
•
metropolitan areas —large cities and nearby suburbs, towns
Atlanta (hub); Miami, New Orleans, Houston,
San Antonio
Dallas,
The West
Region: The West
►The Region
•
The West —from Great Plains to Pacific, plus Alaska and Hawaii
1/2 of U.S. land, 1/5 of population
people settle where climate and
landforms are most favorable
The West
Developing the West
•
California is most populous state
Los Angeles the West’s cultural, commercial center
•
Rapid 20th-century growth due to air conditioning, irrigation
Colorado River water diverted to Las Vegas,
Tucson,
Phoenix
•
Economy: foreign trade with Asia; varied industries
farms, ranches, logging, fish, mines, oil, tourism, film, computers
Subregions of Canada
Subregions of Canada: Atlantic Provinces
►Harsh Lands and Small Populations
•
Eastern Canada’s Atlantic Provinces:
Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia, Newfoundland
•
Only 8% of Canada’s population, due to rugged terrain, harsh weather
•
Most people live in coastal cities such as:
Halifax, Nova Scotia
St. John, New Brunswick
The Core Provinces—
Quebec and Ontario
►The Heartland of Canada
•
Quebec City: French explorer Samuel de Champlain built fort in 1608
•
60% Canada’s population live in Core Provinces Ontario and Quebec
Ontario has largest population; Quebec
has largest land area
Quebec and Ontario
►Canada’s Political and Economic Center
•
Ottawa, Ontario is the national capital
•
Quebec has great political importance in French-Canadian life
•
Core: 35% of Canada’s crops, 45% of minerals, 70% of manufacturing
•
Toronto the largest city, finance hub; Montreal second largest city
The Prairie Provinces
►Canada’s Breadbasket
•
•
Great Plains Prairie Provinces: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta
50% of Canada’s agricultural production, 60% of mineral output
Alberta has coal, oil deposits; produces
90% of Canada’s natural gas
The Pacific Province and the Territories
►British Columbia
•
British Columbia —westernmost province, mostly in Rocky Mountains
-1/2 is forests; 1/3 is frozen tundra, snowfields, glaciers
•
Most people live in southwest;
-major cities are Victoria, Vancouver
•
Economy built on logging, mining, hydroelectric power
Vancouver is Canada’s largest port, has a prosperous shipping trade
Northwest Territories
►The Territories
•
The three northern territories account for 41% of Canada’s land
•
Sparsely populated due to rugged land and severe climate
Yukon has population of 30,000; mostly
Northwest Territories has population of 41,000;
extends into Arctic
Nunavut was created from Northwest Territories
in 1999; home to Inuit
•
Territories’ economies include mining, fishing, some logging
Nunavut Territory and the Inuit
What are the major Climates of US and Canada
►Tundra
►Subarctic
►Highland
►Humid Continental
►Marine West Coast
►Humid Subtropical
►Mediterranean
►Semiarid
►Desert
►Tropical Wet
►Tropical Wet and Dry
Describe the major climates of Canada and United States
►Colder Climates
Tundra: Artic coast of Alaska and Canada
►Long bitterly cold winters
wilderness
►Short
and chilly summers (av. High 40° F.)
►Treeless plain
Subarctic: largest climate of Alaska and Canada
►Cold winters/short mild summers
►Evergreen forest
Highland: Rocky Mountains and Pacific Ranges
►Temperatures and Vegetation vary with elevation
►Why?
What is Permafrost?
►Moderate Climates
Humid Continental: N. Central NE U.S. and Southern Canada
►Cold winters/ warm summers
►4 distinct seasons
►Most of Canadian population resides in this climate
►In U.S., deciduous forests lie east of Miss. River
►In U.S., temperate grasslands west of Miss. River
Marine West Coast: Pacific Coast-N.CAS. AK
►Summers
►Climate
warm/winters long and mild
influenced by Pacific Ocean Currents, coastal mountain ranges, and prevailing
westerlies
Prevailing westerlies: winds that blow west to east
►Mild Climates
Humid Subtropical: most Southern states
►Hot muggy summer/
►Sunbelt
mild cool winters
Mediterranean: Central and South CA coast
►Dry sunny summers
►Mild rainy winters
►Temperatures range from
50° to 80° year round
►Dry Climates
Semiarid: Great Plains, northern Great Basin
►Dry weather
Desert: Southwestern States
►Very dry weather
►Mojave and Sonoran deserts
►Tropical Climates
Tropical Wet: HI
►Mount Waialeale on Kauai Island is one of the wettest spots on earth. Av. annual
rainfall: 460 in
►Temperatures
in 70s
Tropical Wet/Dry: Southern FL
►Everglades
How do major climates affect the United States and Canada
Weather-influenced by Climate
Map page 106
•
Warm Gulf air clashes with cold Canadian air over the Great Plains
creates thunderstorms, tornadoes, blizzards
•
Hurricanes sweep the Gulf and Atlantic coasts in summer and fall
•
Heavy rains cause floods along big rivers like the Mississippi
•
Heat, lack of rain bring droughts, dust storms, forest fires
Hurricanes
Tornados and Thunderstorms
Drought
.
How else do major climates impact the United States and Canada?
►Settlement
i.e.
patterns
sunbelt
Industry
--Agriculture
--Tourism
http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/Library/nationalassessment/overviewChangingNation.htm
►Population Density of the US and Canada
►Use map on page 107 to answer these questions
Which area has the lowest population density?
►How can you tell it has the lowest density?
►Why does the SW have the lowest population density?
In what area of the US is the population density the highest?
What do the cities in the area with the highest population density all have in common?
What other areas have high population densities?
►Why are the populations higher in these specific areas?
What is the population density of Atlanta? Edmonton? New York?
Reasons for Population Distribution in Canada and the United States
►Why is most of Canada’s population along the border with the US?
►Consider
Climate and Topography
Bodies of Water
Settlement patterns
Why people live where they live
People settle in regions for various reasons
-i.e. land/resources, climate
Therefore, physical geography can lead to regional growth and development
Rich and abundant soils encouraged immigration and westward travel to Midwest.
Coal and Ore deposits helped the Northeast develop industrial goods.
Look at Natural Resources Map on page 120
► What information can we get from this map?
►Does this map help explain location of industry?
Why or why not?
►Is the information useful when determining population distribution?
Why or why not?
Also think historically!
Look at the map on pg 106 and answer the questions in your notes
►Page 106 top map: Canada-US connections
Look at Canada-US Connections
►What does this map show?
►What can we decipher from this map?
Look at map on page 106 and answer questions in your notes
►Economic activities of the US Canada
What is Canada’s most wide spread economic activity? US’s econ activity?
Why is the answer to the first question the most prevalent economic activity?
Near what bodies of water do commercial fishermen live?
Around which body of water does a great deal of US manufacturing occur?
Where are manufacturing and trade concentrated in the US and Canada?
Chapter 6-Shaping An Abundant Land
►The United States:
occupies two-fifths of North America
world’s third largest country in land area,
population
•
Rich resources and moderate climate have always attracted immigrants
constant migration—movement—of peoples
within the country
We’re Coming to America
►Nomads
Bering Strait
►Spanish
St. Augustine
►French
St. Lawrence Riv.
►English
Jamestown 1607
Columbian Exchange
The movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western
Hemispheres during the Age of Exploration.
See chart page 136
To Old World (Europe)
tomatoes, corn, turkeys, but no diseases…
To New World (Americas)
cattle, bananas, peaches, Flu, Measles…
Becoming a Nation
►Revolutionary War
►Soon after becoming a nation, America began growing in size.
►The United States practically doubled
►Rich, fertile lands
►Helped spur westward migration.
in size with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.
Development of Transportation
►Westward movement helped lead to development of transportation.
Wagon trains
Transcontinental Railroad
No more frontier by 1900.
►Development of the automobile
Led to roads, and eventually interstates
►Transportation and Industrialization go “hand in hand”
-How is this statement based on Geography?
How transportation improvements lead to the growth of industry?
►movement of goods and materials
Ships
►inexpensive. Must have access to water.
by river (i.e. Mississippi/St Lawrence)
Ocean (i.e. Port of Savannah)
Railroad
►Do not have to be located on water
►Opened up more land for settlement & industrialization
Canals and Water Transport:
How do canals work?
How are canals beneficial?
--Industry
Transportation and the Growth of Industry
►Able to transport and sell goods and resources
►Companies and Individuals reinvest money earned
Expand business
Produce more product(s)
►Research and develop new products
Build bigger facilities
Employ more workers
Economy of the United States
►US is world’s largest economy
►Three factors contribute to success of the United States economy
Available natural resources
Skilled labor force
Stable political system
►Free enterprise: private individuals own most of resources/business with little control
from the government
Another termcapitalism
►US economy is post industrial
Move into service industry
►What is the service industry?
►AgrarianIndustrialPost Industrial
Economy of Canada
►Similar economy to the United States
►Canada is one of world’s richest countries
►Importance of Fur trade
►16th century—trade fur (from natives) for fish (from Europeans)
►Trade still vital to the Canadian Economy
►Also remember: Mirror Effect!!!
Growth within 100 mile border of the US
NAFTA
►Agreement made in 1993
►Canada, Mexico, and the United States
►Reduce tariffs.
With the goal to eventually eliminate tariffs altogether
Consequences of transportation and communication growth
►Urban Sprawl: Poorly planned development that spreads a city’s population over a
wider and wider geographic area.
►How did automobiles encourage sprawl?
►What are the environmental impacts of urban sprawl?
Negative Impacts of Urban Sprawl
►Commuter traffic
Places strain on infrastructure
►Pollution
►Water Issues (particularly in the West-Colorado River)
Solutions to Urban Sprawl
►Many cities developing plans for smart growth
►Smart Growth is the efficient use and conservation of land and other resources
►Another solution is sustainable communities
Definition: a community where residents can live and work in harmony with the
environment
►What does this definition mean?
►How will this help ease the problems associated with Urban Sprawl?
Sprawl
►What American city has the most sprawl?
►Write your answer down and explain why.
And the answer is...
►http://sprawlcity.org
►Visual found at
►http://envplan240.pbwiki.com/Urban+Sprawl
►Look at this cartoon.
►Describe what you see.
►What point is the artist trying to make?
►Does this cartoon help you understand urban
sprawl?
Write this in your agenda
►Homework Due tomorrow
Find and print a cartoon depicting Urban Sprawl
Write in paragraph form
►Describe the cartoon.
i.e.
three men are talking about the future encroachment of Megalopolis. Only one man
is going to work in the city. Etc.
►What is the main point? Support your reasoning
The main point is…
Staple cartoon to your paper.
This is a graded assignment, please do your best!
People of the US and Canada
►United States
Population: 280 Million
80% live in city/suburb
►Where do the majority of Americans have their ethnic roots?
Which Continent?
Which Countries?
►Languages…
►Canada
Population: 33 Million (2007 est.)
80% live on 10% of land
Along 100 mile border with US
►Where do a majority of Canadians have their ethnic roots?
►Languages…
Religious Groups in the US
►There are more than 1000 different religious groups in the United States
►Largest group is Christians (approx 85%)
Why do you think Christians make up the majority of the American population?
2% Jewish,
2% Muslim,
11% other
Religious Customs and Traditions
►What are some major customs and traditions of these religious groups?
►Write them in your notes
Religious Groups in Canada
►English Protestant
►French Catholic
►Increasing number of Jewish, Muslim, and other groups immigrating to Canada.
Ethnic groups in US
Turn to page 142 and look at Maps:
-- Which subregion has the highest concentration of African-Americans? Why?
-- Hispanics? Why?
-- Native Americans? Why?
Complete the Skillbuilder Questions in your notes
A Diverse Society Pg 142-144
►1. List the largest ethnic groups that are found in the United States.
►2. Besides English, what is the second most common language spoken in the U.S.?
►3. What is and has been the cornerstone of American society?
►4. What 19th century American creation changed urban architecture throughout the
world?
►5. What does jazz, blues, gospel, and rock ‘n’ roll music have in common?
►6. Where does most of America’s population live?
►7. What enabled the American people’s shift to the suburbs possible?
►8. How do most Americans value education?
►9. Describe the poverty rate of the United States.