Download Chapter 5-1

Chapter 5-1
Canada
Regional Atlas pg 113 Text CD
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What are 3 landforms that Canada shares with the US?
2. What are Canada’s main economic regions?
3. Which city in Canada is its chief manufacturing and
communications center?
A Resource Rich Country
- Vikings land here AD 1000
- Niagara Falls in the SE
- Grizzly Bears in the west
Canada’s Landscape
- Located north of contiguous US
- 2nd largest country in the world in land area
o Russia is larger
- 5,522 mile undefended border with US
o Longest in the world
o Bordered by Atlantic on the east
 Pacific on the west
 Arctic on the north
- 10 provinces (states)
- 3 territories
o Political subdivisions
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Maritime Provinces
o Nova Scotia
o New Brunswick
o Prince Edward Island
- Quebec
- Ontario
- Prairie Provinces
o Manitoba Saskatchewan
o Alberta
- British Columbia
- Territories
o Yukon
o NW Territories
o Nunavut
 Once part of NW Territories
 1999
 Homeland of the Inuit
Effect of Glaciers
- Covered Canada 1000s of years ago
- Continental glacier
- Created large, low basin
- Surrounded by highlands on the north, east, and west
- Water filled the lowlands
o Many lakes
o Inland waterways
 More than any other country
- Canadian Shield
o
- Horseshoe shaped area
- Wraps around Hudson Bay
o Rocky hills
o Worn down by erosion
o 1000s of lakes
o Wilderness region
- Many mineral resources found here
o Iron ore
o Copper
o Nickel
o Gold
o Uranium
- Cold climate and location keep many from living here
- To the north – Arctic Islands
o Much of landscape consists of tundra
 Rolling
 Treeless plains
 Only top few inches thaw each year
 Permafrost
Southern Canada from the Atlantic to Pacific
- Many of Canada’s physical features extend down into the
US
o Appalachian highlands
o Laurentian Highlands
 Valleys dotted with farms
 Forest also in the region
 Many deepwater harbors along the coast
o St Lawrence River and Great Lakes located here
 Form the major waterway linking central
Canada with the Atlantic Coast
- St Lawrence Seaway
o System of locks and canals
o Barges carry grain, coal and more through here
o Shared by Canada and US
o Humid continental climate
 Long cold winters
 Short warm summers
o Area with most of Canada’s urban centers, industries
and farms
o Toronto located here
 Canada’s largest city
Canadian Great Plains
- Shared with the US
- Prairie
o Rolling inland grassy area
o Fertile soil
o Farmed and ranched
 Once held large herds of buffalo
Rocky Mountains are also shared by US and Canada
- Part of the area called the cordillera
o Group of mountain ranges that run side by side
- Major tourist area
o Banff and Jasper National Park
- West of the Rockies you cross a high plateau until you
meet the Coast Mountains
o Run along Canada’s Pacific coast
o Form another part of the cordillera
- String of islands off the west coast
o Actually peaks of underwater mountains
- Canada’s highest peak
o Mt. Logan
o 19,551 feet
o Near border with Alaska
- British Columbia
o Southwestern Pacific coastline
o Similar to that of WA and OR
o Marine West Coast Climate
 Only area of Canada with wet mild winters
 Capital of BC is Victoria
 Known for its gardens year round
Canada’s Economic Regions
- Known for
o fertile farmland
o Rich natural resources
o Skilled workers
- Major economic activities
o Manufacturing
o Farming
o Service industries
- Free market economy
o Limited government involvement
- Canada’ government
o Plays a more direct role in the Canadian economy
 Provide health care for its citizens
 Broadcasting, transportation and electric power
are heavily regulated
 Necessary for Canada’s remote areas
- Canadian industry
o Located near the ocean
 Along the US-Canadian border
 Near oil and coal deposits
Eastern Canada
- Fishing traditionally the major industry
o Newfoundland and Labrador
o Maritime Provinces
- Grand Banks
o
o
o
o
Off the coast of Newfoundland
Best fishing grounds in the world
Area has been overfished
Now regulated by the government
 Sets limits on number of fish that can be taken
- Now most of the people of the Maritimes hold
manufacturing, mining and tourism jobs
- Halifax
o Major shipping center
o Open harbors most of the year
Quebec and Ontario
- Manufacturing and service industries
- Canada’s largest province – Quebec
o Ag and fishing also important
o Montreal
 Important port on the St Lawrence River
 Canada’s 2nd largest city
 Major financial and industrial center
o Quebec
 Founded by French in 1608
 Capital of Quebec province
 Many historic sites
 Popular with tourists
- Ontario
o 2nd largest province
o Most populated
o Greatest wealth
o Produces more than ½ of Canada’s manufactured
goods
o Southern area also has fertile land and a growing
season long enough to farm
 Grains, fruits and vegetables
 Raise beef and dairy cattle
o Toronto
 Canada’s largest city
 Capital of Ontario
 Country’s chief manufacturing, financial and
communications center
o Ottawa
 National capital
 Lies in Ontario
 Many government workers here
The Prairie Provinces
- Farming and ranching in the Prairie Provinces
o Most exported to Europe and Asia
- Manitoba
- Saskatchewan
o Has some of the world’s largest oil reserves
- Alberta
o Has some of the world’s largest oil reserves
o Like Sask – they have pipelines that distribute oil
and natural gas to other parts of Canada and the US
 Canada is the 5th largest energy producer in the
world
- British Columbia
o Thick Forests
 Cover much of BC
 Makes Canada world’s leading newsprint
producer
 Paper used in printing
newspapers/magazines
o Fishing, mining and tourism also prominent in the
economy of BC
 Fishing fleets catch salmon and other fish in
the Pacific
o Vancouver
 Canada’s main Pacific port
NAFTA - 1994
- North American Free Trade Agreement
o US
o Canada
o Mexico
- $1 billion worth of trade between US and Canada daily
- Created in 1994 to remove trade barriers
o Some Canadians worried that they would become
too dependent on the US
o Worried that US would dominate the partnership
Section 1 Assessment
Pg 163