Download BIO 1C Study Guide 2: Seedless non vascular, seedless vascular

BIO 1C Study Guide 2: Seedless non vascular, seedless vascular, Gymnosperms,
Angiosperms (Anthophyta), Plant Growth and development
Remember that this is a guide only. DO NOT rely on it solely for your studying. Use your
notes, study sessions and the book. I cannot possibly put all the necessary details on here!
Also, remember, be able to draw (not just recognize), and explain and label. Know how things
fit together, don’t just memorize terms and cycles out of context.
Life cycles of the major groups we studied.
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Be able to list and describe the relationship between Chlorophytes and Charophyceans, and
how we know they are related, and the relationship to land plants
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Be able to list and describe the 8 derived traits of land plants that are not (by and large)
shared by charophyceans (the ‘derived’ traits)

Know the general traits of the seedless non-vascular plants, and the three phyla
(hepatophyta, anthocerophyta and bryophyta)
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Know the relationship between the gametophyte and sporophyte in these (dependent)
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Know the moss life cycle

Know what marchantia is (a liverwort) and how the life cycle is similar but also different
(eg. a very small sporophyte)
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Antheridium vrs. Archegonium (gametangia)
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Know some moss ecology (they are small, require water, peat bogs etc.)

Know the difference between a spore and a gamete

What is a sporangium?

Traits and adaptations of first vascular plants
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Know the 4 phyla of seedless vascular plants: Lycophyta, Psilophyta, Sphenophyta,
Pterophyta: major characteristics and examples

Life cycles of: lycophytes (be able to distinguish homosporous from heterosporous), ferns.
Know which stages are 2n, which are n, and where meiosis and mitosis occur. Know the
major differences and the major similarities
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Dioecious vrs. Monoecious
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Srobili
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Sporangia
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Megaphyll, Microphyll, Sporophyll (types of leaves)
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Homosporous vrs. Heterosporous
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Microsporagia/sporocyte vrs. Megasporangia/sporocyte (2n), and Microspore vrs.
Megaspore (n)
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Advantages of seeds
Microsporagia/sporocyte vrs. Megasporangia/sporocyte (2n), and Microspore vrs.
Megaspore (n)

Micro and Mega sporogenesis and gametogenesis in gymnosperms and angiosperms

Know the 4 phyla of gymnosperms and key characteristics of each

What are some key features of the Gnetales that make them different from other
gymnosperms?

Adaptations of conifers

Know the pine life cycle!

Know the angiosperm life cycle and be able to diagram double fertilization

Know micro and mega gametogenesis

Be able to diagram the female gametophyte and the male gametophyte

Angiosperms: know flower terminology (handout I gave you and your lab and the book)


How do plants avoid self-pollination? (physical, genetic, timing of maturity of flower
parts,
perfect/imperfect, monoecious/dioecious etc.)

Why was the flower so revolutionary? Know the significance of insect and pollinator coevolution, the flower as a reproductive structure, and seeds/fruits.

Know the major traits and characteristics of angiosperms (flowers, fruits, double
fertilization, vessel elements etc.)
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Flower types and parts
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Epigynous, hypogynous/ inferior, superior ovaries

Be able to diagram the female and male gametophytes, double fertilization, and the
resulting embryo and endosperm

Pollination and pollination syndromes (specific morphologies vrs. Generalists)

Evolutionary origins of carpels (infolding of sporophylls)
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Young embryo structure
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Mature embryo structure
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Seed germination
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Types of fruits and types of seeds (monocots vrs. Eudicots)

What is an accessory fruit? A multiple fruit? an aggregate fruit?