Download Unit 6- Civil War Notes - Fredericksburg City Schools

Civil War Unit Interactive Notes
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Civil War Unit Interactive Notes Table of Contents
Differences between Northern and Southern States
Events Leading to Secession and War
Creation of West Virginia
Major Civil War Battles Fought in Virginia
Whites, Enslaved African Americans, Free African Americans, and American Indians
during the Civil War
WORDS TO KNOW
abolitionists
Abraham Lincoln
agricultural
Appomattox
Courthouse
Battle of Bull Run
Confederate
General Robert E. Lee
General Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson
Harriet Tubman
industrialized
John Brown
Merrimack
Monitor
Nat Turner
Richmond
secede
Union
Differences between Northern and Southern States
The economy in the northern part of the United States was more
industrialized, meaning they relied more on the making of goods.
Northern states did not believe slavery was necessary, so they wanted the
new states created out of the western territory to be “free states”.
The economy in the southern part of the United States was
agricultural, meaning they relied more on farming and slave labor.
Since they needed slaves to work on plantations, the southern states
wanted new states to be “slave states”.
Events Leading to Secession and War
There were major events that occurred in Virginia, causing
Virginians to become divided and secede, or break away, from the Union.
Nat Turner, a slave on a plantation in eastern Virginia, led a revolt
against plantation owners.
Abolitionists campaigned to end slavery in the United States
Harriet Tubman, a former slave from Maryland, supported a
secret route that escaped enslaved African Americans took to free states
or Canada. It became known as the “Underground Railroad.”
John Brown, an abolitionist, led a raid on the United States
Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, VA. He used the weapons stored at
the Armory to start a slave rebellion. He was captured and hanged.
After Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States
in 1860, some southern states seceded from, or left, the Union because
they worried he would end slavery. After they left the Union, they formed
the “Confederate States of America.” Later, Virginia joined them.
Creation of West Virginia
Conflict grew between the eastern counties of Virginia that relied
on slavery and the western counties that did not favor slavery. The
eastern counties of Virginia needed slaves for their agricultural economy
while the western counties were not in favor of slavery because they did
not need slaves for their industrial economy.
Many disagreements between the two regions of the state led to
the formation of West Virginia. West Virginia joined the Union in its fight
to abolish slavery, while Virginia remained a slave state, relying on slaves
for their agricultural economy.
Major Civil War Battles Fought in Virginia
Virginia became a major battleground between Union and
Confederate troops and several Virginians played a significant role in the
Civil War.
The first Battle of Bull Run (also called the Battle of Manassas)
was the first major land battle of the Civil War. Confederate General
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson played a major role in this battle and
received his nickname, Stonewall, after a Confederate general yelled:
“See, there is Jackson, standing like a stone wall. Rally behind the
Virginians.”
General Robert E. Lee, Commander of the Army of Northern
Virginia, defeated Union troops in the Battle of Fredericksburg, VA.
Another major battle took place in Richmond, the capital of the
Confederacy. Richmond fell to Ulysses S. Grant and the Union. It was
later burned near the end of the war.
President Lincoln used the Union navy to block many of the
southern ports. An important sea battle between the Monitor (Union)
and Merrimack (Confederate), two iron-clad ships, took place in Virginia
waters near Norfolk and Hampton. The battle was fought to a draw.
The Civil War ended at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, where
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union General
Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865.
Whites, Enslaved African Americans, Free African
Americans, and American Indians during the Civil War
During the Civil War, most white Virginians supported the
Confederacy.
The Confederacy relied on enslaved African Americans to raise
crops and provide labor for the army. However, many enslaved African
Americans fled to the Union army as it approached and some fought for
the Union.
Some free African Americans felt their limited rights could best be
protected by supporting the Confederacy.
Most American Indians did not take sides during the Civil War.