Download Zoology Chapter 27 Worms and Mollusks Study Guide

Zoology Chapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms Study Guide / Mr. Lemmons
Put your answers on separate notebook paper and before submitting, staple these questions to them.
Section 28-1 / Arthropods
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Which phylum of animals has the most living species? Phylum Arthropoda
How many living arthropod species have been identified? ¾ million = 750,000 species
To what Domain do arthropods belong? (p. 1072; same for all eukaryotes) Domain Eukarya
To what Kingdom do arthropods belong? Kingdom Animalia
What does the word “arthropod” mean based on Greek? “jointed foot”
What are the three key characteristics of arthropods? (bold Key Concept in textbook) segmented
body; tough exoskeleton; jointed appendages
7. What adaptation in the exoskeletons of terrestrial (land-dwelling) arthropods prevents water loss
and allows them to hold water inside their body? Waxy coating
8. How has the number of body segments in arthropods changed over time? (Key Concept) fewer
9. How have the appendages of arthropods changed over time? (same Key Concept as #5) more
highly specialized
10. Draw the grasshopper “Ventral View” insert of Figure 28-4 (p. 717); Label the Tracheal Tubes.
11. Most terrestrial arthropods utilize the network of tracheal tubes in respiration (exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide), but some terrestrial arthropods utilize book lungs. Name them:
spiders
12. What do the following aquatic arthropods utilize in respiration? Lobsters, crayfish, and crabs.
Gills
13. Arthropods move using well-developed muscle tissue composed of muscle cells which can
contract and become shorter when stimulated. What system controls and coordinates this muscle
tissue? Nervous system
14. How is the process of molting related to growth in arthropods? (Key Concept) replacement of
exoskeleton as they outgrow it
15. What system controls molting? Endocrine What chemicals? Hormones
16. During the molting period, an arthropod is vulnerable to predators while its shell is soft. List two
ways they protect themselves from predation. Hide or molt at night
28-2 Groups of Arthropods
17. Zoologists classify arthropods based on their body segments and appendages, in particular their:
(Key Concept) Mouthparts
18. Crustaceans: A) Subphylum? Crustacea B) Examples (list all)? Crabs, shrimps, lobsters,
crayfishes, & barnacles C) Mouthparts? Mandibles D) Number of Antennae? Two pairs
(C & D = Key Concept)
19. Draw the crayfish in Figure 28-8 and label all anatomy and body sections. (p. 721)
20. Chelicerates: A) Subphylum? Chelicerata B) Examples of Class Merostomata? Horseshoe
crab C) Examples of Class Arachnida (list all)? Spiders, mites, ticks, & scorpions D)
Mouthparts? Chelicerae and Pedipalps E) Number of Antennae? None
21. After capturing its prey, why does a spider wait before eating it? The prey has to liquefy since
spiders don’t have jaws.
22. There are spiders which do NOT produce silk. T or F
23. Long bodies w/many legs = Subphylum Myriapoda: A) Example of Class Chilopoda? Centipede
B) Example of Class Diplopoda? Millipede C) Mouthparts? Jaws D) Number of Antennae?
One pair (D & E = Key Concept)
24. You can distinguish between centipedes and millipedes based on legs per body segment. How
many does each have? Centipedes have one pair of legs per segment; Millipedes have two
pair of legs per segment
25. Unlike centipedes, millipedes don’t have venom in their jaws. Why are venom-producing jaws
useless for millipedes? They feed on dead & decaying plant material (= detritivores)
28-3 Insects
26. Insects are in Subphylum Hexapoda (three sections; six legs); to what Class do they belong?
Class Insecta
27. Based on the textbook, what % of all living animals are insects? 73%
What % are vertebrates? 4% (chart)
28. Draw the insect in figure 28.15 and label the three parts of its body (p. 727)
29. How many pair of legs attach to the thorax of an insect? (Key Concept) three pairs of legs
30. Draw the moth’s head in Figure 28-16 (p. 728) and label it tube-like mouthpart used to suck
nectar from deep inside a flower.
31. In animals, what do we call the process of changing shape and form during development? (Key
Concept) Metamorphosis
32. During complete metamorphosis (occurs in ~88% of all insects) there are drastic changes and
insect larvae look nothing like the adult. The larvae also typically feed in completely different
ways. In contrast, during which type of metamorphosis does the immature insect form (=
nymph) look and feed much like the adult? Incomplete metamorphosis
33. Draw the complete metamorphosis of the ladybug beetle (Fig 28-18 on page 729)
34. Many insects such as female mosquitoes, termites, and moths can affect humans negatively.
Name two ways given in your textbook that insects can have a positive effect. Pollination, silk
production, wax production, food production (e.g. honey) & people eat them
35. List the three general ways insects communicate while trying to find mates. Sound, visual cues,
& chemical signals
36. A honeybee has found a food source of great energy value close to the hive. How would the bee
communicate this information to the rest of the bees in the hive? Round or Waggle dance
28-4 Echinoderms
37. To what Domain do echinoderms belong? Eukarya
Kingdom? Animalia
38. To what Phylum do echinoderms belong? Echinodermata
39. What does the word “echinoderm” mean based on Greek? Spiny skin
40. What five characteristics help indentify an organism as an echinoderm? (Key Concept) spiny
skin, internal skeleton, water vascular system, tube feet, & most adults have 5-part radial
symmetry
41. What are the three essential body functions carried out by the water vascular system? (Key
Concept) respiration, circulation, & movement
42. Many echinoderms have tube feet that function like suction cups; draw the tube foot shown in
Figure 28-23 and label the “sucker”.
43. A sea star can utilize its hundreds of tube feet and force open a clam’s shell. It can then extend
its stomach out its mouth and digest the clam in the shell. T or F
44. Echinoderms undergo respiration via well developed lungs. T or F
45. The following are the current living classes and examples of animals in Phylum Echinodermata:
a) Class Echinoidea = sea urchins & sand dollars; b) Class Ophiuroidea = brittle stars; c) Class
Holothuroidea = sea cucumbers; d) Class Asteroidea = sea stars; e) Class Crinoidea = sea lilies &
feather stars. All live in the ocean and can regenerate parts of their bodies. Specifically, which
group has animals which can be torn apart and re-grow into an entire new individual from each
piece that contains a portion of their central body? According to textbook, Class Asteroidea =
sea stars; but also brittle stars