Download Zoology Chapter 27 Worms and Mollusks Study Guide

Zoology Chapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms Study Guide / Mr. Lemmons
Put your answers on separate notebook paper and before submitting, staple these questions to them.
Section 28-1 / Arthropods
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Which phylum of animals has the most living species?
How many living arthropod species have been identified?
To what Domain do arthropods belong? (p. 1072; same for all eukaryotes)
To what Kingdom do arthropods belong?
What does the word “arthropod” mean based on Greek?
What are the three key characteristics of arthropods? (bold Key Concept in textbook)
What adaptation in the exoskeletons of terrestrial (land-dwelling) arthropods prevents water loss
and allows them to hold water inside their body?
8. How has the number of body segments in arthropods changed over time? (Key Concept)
9. How have the appendages of arthropods changed over time? (same Key Concept as #5)
10. Draw the grasshopper “Ventral View” insert of Figure 28-4 (p. 717); Label the Tracheal Tubes.
11. Most terrestrial arthropods utilize the network of tracheal tubes in respiration (exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide), but some terrestrial arthropods utilize book lungs. Name them:
12. What do the following aquatic arthropods utilize in respiration? Lobsters, crayfish, and crabs.
13. Arthropods move using well-developed muscle tissue composed of muscle cells which can
contract and become shorter when stimulated. What system controls and coordinates this muscle
tissue?
14. How is the process of molting related to growth in arthropods? (Key Concept)
15. What system controls molting?
What chemicals?
16. During the molting period, an arthropod is vulnerable to predators while its shell is soft. List two
ways they protect themselves from predation.
28-2 Groups of Arthropods
17. Zoologists classify arthropods based on their body segments and appendages, in particular their:
(Key Concept)
18. Crustaceans: A) Subphylum? B) Examples (list all)? C) Mouthparts? D) Number of
Antennae? (C & D = Key Concept)
19. Draw the crayfish in Figure 28-8 and label all anatomy and body sections. (p. 721)
20. Chelicerates: A) Subphylum? B) Examples of Class Merostomata? C) Examples of Class
Arachnida (list all)? D) Mouthparts? Chelicerae and Pedipalps E) Number of Antennae?
21. After capturing its prey, why does a spider wait before eating it?
22. There are spiders which do NOT produce silk. T or F
23. Uniramians : A) Subphylum? B) Example of Class Chilopoda? C) Example of Class
Diplopoda? D) Mouthparts? E) Number of Antennae? (D & E = Key Concept)
24. You can distinguish between centipedes and millipedes based on legs per body segment. How
many does each have?
25. Unlike centipedes, millipedes don’t have venom in their jaws. Why are venom-producing jaws
not an adaptation for millipedes? (hint= what do they eat?)
28-3 Insects
26. Insects are also in Subphylum Uniramia; to what Class do they belong?
27. Based on the textbook, what % of all living animals are insects? What % are vertebrates? (chart)
28. Draw the insect in figure 28.15 and label the three parts of its body (p. 727)
29. How many pair of legs attach to the thorax of an insect? (Key Concept)
30. Draw the moth’s head in Figure 28-16 (p. 728) and label it tubelike mouthpart used to suck
nectar from deep inside a flower.
31. In animals, what do we call the process of changing shape and form during development? (Key
Concept)
32. During complete metamorphosis (occurs in ~88% of all insects) there are drastic changes and
insect larvae look nothing like the adult. The larvae also typically feed in completely different
ways. In contrast, during which type of metamorphosis does the immature insect form
(= nymph) look and feed much like the adult?
33. Draw the complete metamorphosis of the ladybug beetle (Fig 28-18 on page 729)
34. Many insects such as female mosquitoes, termites, and moths can affect humans negatively.
Name two ways given in your textbook that insects can have a positive effect.
35. List the three general ways insects communicate while trying to find mates.
36. A honeybee has found a food source of great energy value close to the hive. How would the bee
communicate this information to the rest of the bees in the hive?
28-4 Echinoderms
37. To what Domain do echinoderms belong?
Kingdom?
38. To what Phylum do echinoderms belong?
39. What does the word “echinoderm” mean based on Greek?
40. What five characteristics help indentify an organism as an echinoderm? (Key Concept)
41. What are the three essential body functions carried out by the water vascular system? (Key
Concept)
42. Many echinoderms have tube feet that function like suction cups; draw the tube foot shown in
Figure 28-23 and label the “sucker”.
43. A sea star can utilize its hundreds of tube feet and force open a clam’s shell. It can then extend
its stomach out its mouth and digest the clam in the shell. T or F
44. Echinoderms undergo respiration via well developed lungs. T or F
45. The following are the current living classes and examples of animals in Phylum Echinodermata:
a) Class Echinoidea = sea urchins & sand dollars; b) Class Ophiuroidea = brittle stars; c) Class
Holothuroidea = sea cucumbers; d) Class Asteroidea = sea stars; e) Class Crinoidea = sea lilies &
feather stars. All live in the ocean. Which of these animals can be torn apart and re-grow into an
entire new individual from each piece that contains a portion of its central body?