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Examples of how citations are typically used within the text. Sometimes people use footnotes instead. You may cite with another style. Mainly be consistent. From: Environment and Social Justice: Some Issues E. N. Anderson, Dept. of Anthropology Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0418 Comparable findings are well documented for East Africa, where the Maasai and their neighbors, for instance, maintained the land and its wildlife. When these peoples are displaced by game parks, the parks promptly deteriorate and wildlife populations decline (Fratkin 2004; James Igoe, personal communication; McCabe 1990, 2004; McCabe et al. 1992). Similar stories from all over the world routinely appear on environmental social science and environmental justice listserves and in professional meetings, and are painfully common knowledge to field researchers. Often, this is done in the name of conservation and environmental management. This rhetoric is suspect. Many have held that such rhetoric is just misguided (Latour 2004) or is actually intended to shore up governmental power rather than to conserve resources (Agrawal 2005; Scott 1998). Sometimes, simple mistakes, based on the assumption that local people could not know what they were doing, have caused colonial and postcolonial powers to scorn local practices and promote alien practices that turned out to be less well adapted. This has happened especially often in Africa, where racism led to a particularly high level of indifference to local competence. The classic study is Fairhead and Leach (1996), which has been followed by a large literature. Occasionally there are better outcomes. After displacing Aboriginal owners from their lands for national parks, the Australian government found that the lands were deteriorating, and has had to bring back Aboriginal management (B. and E. Anderson, personal observations; see also Pyne 1991). Even global warming is harming the poor differentially. Global warming is caused, in large part, by release of greenhouse gases due to burning fossil fuels and to clearing of land (leading to breakdown of vegetable material). The leading releasers of greenhouse gases are the United States and China. These benefit. However, global warming has led to drying of Africa (Gedney et al. 2006; ironically, the United States and China are both getting increased rainfall, though not in their dry areas). Africa’s droughts have led to thousands of deaths from starvation, shortage of potable water, and related causes (Sierra 2006). Sierra magazine concludes: “Global warming is an environmentally unjust calamity” (Sierra 2006:13). Notice the citations within the text. Anderson made a statement about parks and wildlife and then cited his sources. In parentheses he includes the authors’ names and the dates of their publications. This way he immediately lets the readers know where he got the information to make a statement like this. Readers can then refer to the bibliography to see more about the information source. This last sentence is a direct quote, so Anderson also includes the page number of the source after the author’s name and the date of publication. Then include a bibliography, which gives the complete information about each source: author, date of publication, title of article or book chapter etc., (editors, if they put the book together), title and volume of journal if that is the source, and page numbers.