Download Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800

Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Textbook Assignments
Page #
Topic
32/33
Plantations, Middle Passage
Middle Passage
Northwest Ordinance &
Slavery
68, 69
Slavery & Constitutional
89
Convention
Debates about Slavery
146
Experience of Slavery
122
Missouri Compromise 36° 30'
line And Expansion of Slavery
States Rights
145
Abolitionist Movement
156
Differences between the North
and South
158
Underground Railroad
Fugitive Slave Law
159/160
Map of Slave vs Free States
Compromise 1850Kansas Nebraska Act
162
Creation of Republican Party
162/166
163
172
182/83
185/188
Dred Scott case
Lincoln Election
Civil War and Slavery
Emancipation Proclamation
And fighting in the Union
Army.
13th Amendment
Reconstruction Republicans
Black Codes
Radical Reconstruction
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Life After Civil War
KKK
286-88
Schools for the Emancipated
African Americans at 1900
Lesson Objectives
1. Why were slaves needed?
2. How were they captured?
3. Where did they come from?
4. How were they transported?
5. Why was it ok to enslave blacks
and not whites?
6. How was the issue of Slavery
treated in creating the Constitution?
7. Why was slavery used widely in
the South and not as much in the
North or West?
8. How did Slavery become an issue
for the expansion of the country?
9. Who was against slavery and why?
10. What do States' Rights and Slavery
have to do with the Civil War?
11. How did Slavery become an issue
that divided the country and was
one cause of the Civil War?
12. Why did the election of Abraham
Lincoln cause Southern States to
secede?
13. What happened with Slavery
during the war? Or, What role did
slaves play in the war?
14. What happened to former slaves or
African Americans after the war?
15. How did people, Southerners and
Northerners, react to African
Americans after the war?
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Quiz Part I
1. The _____________ compromise was created in the US Constitution that identifies
slaves and how they are to be considered for representation in the House of
Representatives.
2. The South believed that slaves __________ be counted in the representation of the
states.
3. The US Constitution stated that the slave trade could not be prohibited prior to
_________.
4. Two leaders of the abolitionist movement were ______________ and ______________.
5. The abolitionists want to ____________________________.
6. Two requirements of the Missouri Compromise were:
A._________________
B._________________
Slavery Quiz Part II
Economy of the South relied on slave labor because:
The North did not rely on slave labor because:
The Underground Railroad (158)
Compromise of 1850 (159-60)
Kansas Nebraska Act (159-60)
Creation of the Republican Party (162)
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Pre-Test What do you already know about Slavery?
In order to plan for this unit please answer the following questions.
1. Why were slaves needed?
2. How were they captured?
3. Where did they come from?
4. How were they transported?
5. Why was it ok to enslave blacks and not whites?
6. How was the issue of Slavery treated in creating the Constitution?
7. Why was slavery used widely in the South and not as much in the North or West?
8. How did Slavery become an issue for the expansion of the country?
9. Who was against slavery and why?
10. What do States' Rights and Slavery have to do with the Civil War?
11. How did Slavery become an issue that divided the country and was one cause of the
Civil War?
12. Why did the election of Abraham Lincoln cause Southern States to secede?
13. What happened with Slavery during the war? Or, What role did slaves play in the war?
14. What happened to former slaves or African Americans after the war?
15. How did people, Southerners and Northerners, react to African Americans after the
war?
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Terms to Know
A. Define the term.
B. Write two or three sentences that explain how the term relates to Slavery or African
Americans in the United States 1800-1900.
Before Civil War
After Civil War
1) West Africa-Gold Coast, Slave Coast
1. December 1860 S. Carolina Secedes
2) Middle Passage
2. February 1861 Jefferson Davis elected
3) Plantations - cotton, tobacco, sugar
first Confederate President April 1861
cane
fort Sumter is attacked Civil War
4) Southern colonies, states, (Virginia,
begins
Georgia, Carolinas, Alabama,
3. January 1863 Emancipation
Mississippi…
Proclamation takes effect.
5) Racism of Slavery
4. African American Soldiers
6) Northwest Ordinance
5. 1864 Freed Men's Bureau created
7) Chattel
6. 13th Amendment Ratified 18658) Life of a slave
Abolished Slavery
9) Constitutional Convention
7. Reconstruction
10) Plantations
8. Radical Reconstruction
11) 1793 Elie Whitney and the Cotton Gin
9. Black Codes
12) Differences between North, West, and
10. KKK
South
11. 14th Amendment- Guaranteed equal
13) Abolition Movement
protection under the law for all
14) 1807 Importation of Slaves Prohibited
citizens.
15) Expansion of Slavery- Expansion of
12. 15th Amendment - said states could
Country
not limit voting because of race.
16) 1820 Missouri Compromise
13. Postwar African American Migration
17) California
14. Life in the South after reconstruction
18) Fredrick Douglas
19) John Brown
20) States' Rights
21) Compromise of 1850- California
comes and no restrictions on the new
territories. (New Mexico and Utah.
22) Fugitive Slave Law
23) 1844 Dred Scott Case
24) Liberia25) 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act-Said
voters living in the territories could
decide to be free or slave.
26) 1854 New party the Republican Party
Established.
27) November 1860 Abraham Lincoln
elected 1st Republican President.
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Slavery: in the beginning of the 1800s the United States had a tradition of holding humans
as a form of property known as Slavery. Africans were transported to the United States from
West Africa and sold to large agriculture producers in the Southern part of the United States.
This inhumane institution caused division among people of the United States. Slavery
became an issue of states' rights that eventually exploded into a bloody Civil War. By 1900
Slavery was destroyed and thousands of former slaves moved North, but the legacy of Slavery
plagued African Americans.
Topics to consider:
o Inhumanity of Slavery: "The Middle Passage," Conditions of Slavery
o Slavery in politics: Adding slave states to the Union, Missouri
Compromise, Abolition Movement
 African Americans' Lives after Emancipation- NAACP, Reconstruction,
KKK
Why were slaves needed?
Slavery in the New World began in the Caribbean with the control of the Spanish West Indies.
The Spanish used slaves. Slavery in the United States began with the some of the earliest
settlements. 1619 was the first record of slaves being offered for sale by Dutch merchants.
Slaves were needed in agriculture production specifically for trade. Large plantations that
produced, tobacco, rice, indigo and later cotton, needed large amounts of cheap labor to make
a profit. At first laborers were indentured servants. But soon it was found that Africans were
more efficient, could be held Durante Vita- for life, indentured servants would run away too
easily.


1670- 500 Slaves in the colonies- 112,000 Anglo/Americans
1775- 500,000 Slaves lived in (200,000 in Virginia alone) the Colonies, all but
50,000 in the South- 1,500,000 Anglo/Americans
How were they transported?
Triangular Trade- was the process of trading agricultural goods, manufactured goods and
humans. Manufactured goods would be traded in West Africa on the Ivory, Gold and Slave
coasts. (See Map of Triangular Trade) there the ships would pick up a cargo of human slaves.
Slaves would then be transported to the New World: Brazil, Caribbean, or the British
Colonies / USA. There the slaves would be auctioned off and a new cargo of tobacco,
lumber, cotton, would be transported to the mother country and a new cargo of manufactured
goods loaded.
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Where did they come from? How were they captured?
African chiefs would capture enemies and trade them to the Anglo/ European traders in
exchange for manufactured goods.
Middle Passage:
Once the human cargo was captured and the deal was sealed, the slaves were overloaded onto
ships. They were chained below decks and suffered unimaginable horrors. (See Primary
Source Document, the middle passage) More than 7500 slaves were transported each year, by
1775. Slave importation in the United States ended in 1812.
Why was it ok to enslave blacks and not whites?
Many Anglo/ Europeans used the following arguments to justify and rationalize Slavery:
 Biblical arguments to justify the use of slaves. (Ham and water Bearers)
 Racism- Blacks were considered inferior, like children, not capable of taking care of
themselves, they needed to be taken care of.
How was the issue of Slavery treated in creating the Constitution?
Slavery is not mentioned in the Constitution except in reference to the representation of
primary slave states ie Southern states. Every 5 slaves would equal 3 white citizens.
At the Constitutional Convention delegates debated Slavery and how the issue should be dealt
with. The result was that it would not be included in the document, Southern states would
have never agreed to any discussion of outlawing the institution of Slavery. Rather than cause
a divide immediately, the delegates compromised and included the idea of slavery in the 3/5s
compromise.
Northern delegates believed and hoped that the Slavery would die out as it had in the North.
Southern delegates believed it to be a matter of STATES' Rights, the people in the state
should have the right to decide. Later the issue of STATES' Rights will be the primary cause
of the Civil War.
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Why was slavery used widely in the South and not as much in the North
or West? Why are Sectional Differences an issue?
Southern Economic Development
The South, from its earliest development needed large population of laborers to work the
land. Cotton especially, plowing, planting, chopping, picking ginning, bailing and shipping.
Many large plantations, working with strictly export economy.
Produced cash crops and support crops, by 1840's Tobacco and Cotton lead.
The South always supports low import and export taxes. The idea is that if America taxes
foreign goods then, the price of those goods will go up and fewer goods will be sold. This
effects the South because; they buy a lot of goods from outside the country. Also, if America
charges taxes then, the foreign governments will charge taxes and fewer American goods will
be sold overseas. Ie cotton.
1793 Slavery was on its way out. It was too expensive to make a profit from Cotton and the
cost of slaves. Eli Whitney unintentionally changed this. He invented a machine that
processed raw cotton, the Cotton Gin separating the seeds from the fiber. Before his
machine, people had to clean the cotton before it could be used. This took a long time. When
the price of cotton was low planters lost money. When Whitney developed the machine,
Southern planters became rich again and could afford the costs of Slavery.
Few factories are built in the South.
Culture:
The South was a society of elite planters, similar to the Nobility of England, and other
whites, with lower status. A noble and proud mix.
1860- 90% of Slave owners held fewer than 20 slaves.
Whites in Slave states = 8 million
384,000 whites owned slaves.
Most whites did not own slaves-- but most wanted to someday, like winning the Lotto.
Western Economic Development
The Frontier: the edge of settled and civilized land.
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Northern Economic Development
The North did not need Slaves. Agriculture was mostly individual family farms. No larger
plantations. Therefore no large labor force, virtually no slaves.
Indiana, Ohio, Illinois were free states according to the Northwest Ordinance, 1787.
Industrial Revolution:
Beginning in England, business owners began to create machines to produce goods: Cloth at
first, then, all kinds of goods, shoes, guns, pots, pans, tools, and even more machines…
Factories were developed; machines were used to make goods. Machines needed power, at
first it was waterpower, later they become steam powered.
Factories were located in areas of large population and easy access to transportation,
(Canals, Oceans, large rivers)
New England was the first area to develop factories. When factories begin to be built, cities
grew in size. As agricultural machines are developed, fewer people are needed on the farm and
population begins to move to the cities, feeding the factories.
People were willing to invest. Stock exchange was created in the early 1830's.
Cultural Differences:
North was mainly strongly Protestant and many felt Slavery was morally wrong.
The North is Racist.
How did Slavery become an issue for the expansion of the country?
Missouri Compromise:
1818 settlers in Missouri territory requested admission to the Union
The question rose, should it be a slave state or a free state?
Henry Clay- leader in Congress from Kentucky –
Conflict emerged between Southern and Northern groups.
He created a compromise- to allow equal number of slave and free states
Maine enters as a free state and Missouri enters as a slave state.
Provided for the entrance of new states in the Louisiana Purchase, above 36
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Who was against slavery and why?
Abolitionist movement:
The movement to end slavery and free African Americans
100 plus societies in the North
Some suggested that Former slaves be resettled in Africa
Some said former slaves remain in US as free citizens
William Lloyd Garrison was one Abolitionist, published a newspaper The Liberator
His paper advocated and called for immediate emancipation
Fredrick Douglas was a former slave, well educated and advocated the end of Slavery at any
means possible.
Life Under Slavery:
1830’s slaves included equal numbers of male and female
House servants, farm hands, and field workers
Turner’s Rebellion:
Nat Turner was the leader of 50 slaves who rebelled against slave owners and killed at least
60 whites.
Turner and his followers were captured and executed
Slave owners opposed the abolition movement
What do States' Rights and Slavery have to do with the Civil War?
Compromise of 1850:
Clay and Webster
States entering the Union, California
o Compromise between Northern and Southern powers in Congress
o California enters the Union as a free state
o South gets a new Fugitive Slave Law said escaped slaves could be recaptured in the
North and that people helping slaves could be prosecuted- $1000 fine and 6 months in
jail.
o Slavery and Popular Sovereigntyo Territories that are ready for statehood could decide if they wanted slavery
Kansas Nebraska Act 1854:
o Sponsored by Senator Steven Douglas
o Repealed the Missouri Compromise
o Said that territories of Kansas and Nebraska could decide through a vote of the people
if they wanted slavery or not
Underground Railroad:
Secret group of abolitionists who helped runaway slaves travel to Canada
Harriet Tubman- former slave helped people escape North
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Fugitive Slave Law: (page 162)
o Slaves that escape, were to be arrested and returned to their owners
o Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive slave was liable for a fine of $1000. and
imprisonment for up to six months
Creation of the Republican Party: (page 158)
o 1854 as people began to be more intolerant and sensitive to slavery a new political party
developed.
o A new party that was opposed to slavery in the territories is formed- The Republican party
o Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act and spread of slavery in the territories
o United a number of anti-slavery groups- abolitionists, Free Soiliers, Whigs, Democrats,
Know Nothings
Dred Scott Case (page 162/166)
o Dred Scott was a slave who lived in Missouri
o His owner took him to Illinois and Wisconsin and back to Missouri
o Scott brought a law suit for his freedom, it went to the Supreme Court
o He argued that he had lived in a free state and therefore he should be free.
o The court ruled against Scott “Scott lacked legal standing to sue in Federal Court because
he was not, nor ever could be a citizen.”
o “Being in free territory did not make a slave free.”
o The court cited the 5th amendment that protects property, including slaves.
o Constitutional Justifications:
o US Constitution Article 4 section 2- “No person held to service or labor in one
state… escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation
therein, be discharged from such service or labor…”
o US Constitution, Article 4, section 3- “the Congress shall have power to dispose
of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the Territory or other
property belonging to the United States…” (Dissenting argument)
o Key point: The Dred Scott Case strengthened and expanded Slave owners’ rightso Caused the rejection of all the slavery related compromises- now slavery could take place
in free states.
John Brown (page 164)
o John Brown was a radical abolitionist
o He wanted slaves to rise up and take their freedom
o He and 21 other, both white and black attacked the Federal Arsenal at Harpers Ferry and
was defeated, tried and executed
o Caused reaction both in the North and South, some Northerners celebrated Brown’s
actions
o The South became more sensitive and tried to suppress anti-slavery people
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Lincoln’s Election (page 163-64)
Lincoln, a Congressman from Illinois, first ran for Senate against Douglas
Lincoln believed Slavery
o Was Immoral
o Slavery in the territories should not be disallowed
o Should be abolished with a constitutional amendment
o 1860 Republicans nominated Lincoln for president
o Lincoln was a moderate
o He tried to reassure the South by stating, A Republican administration would not
“Interfere with their slaves, or with them about their slaves.”
Election of 1860
o Whigs- split over slavery, Southern Whigs and Know Nothings created a
Constitutional Union Party – Bell
o Democrats- Split over slavery Northern Dems voted for Douglas, Southern Dems
voted for Breckenridge,
o Republicans- nominated Lincoln, he won in the Electoral College, no southern states
voted for Lincoln
Secession: (page 164)
o Southern states fearing the end of slavery and the limitations of their rights as states,
decide to leave the Union and created their own government
o First to go:
o South Carolina Dec. 1861
o Mississippi
o Florida
o Alabama
o Georgia
o Louisiana
o Texas…
Civil War and Slavery:
African Americans/Former Slaves- fought in the Union Army on a limited scale
180,000 troops, 10% of the Union Army
Emancipation Proclamation: (page 172)
o January 1863, after two years of war, Lincoln decided to attack the Confederacy’s use
of slaves.
o Hi proclaimed all slaves in the rebellious states emancipated = free.
o The proclamation did not affect slaves in states loyal to the Union.
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
13th Amendment: (182-83)
o 1865 amendment ends slavery “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
within the United States.”
Reconstruction: (page 184)
1865-1877
The period in which the US government began to rebuild the Southern rebellious states
o Identified rules and regulations regarding how states would be readmitted to the Union
Lincoln’s Plan:
o The 10% Plan (Lenient) all confederates would be pardoned, except top officials and
war criminals,
o when 10% would swear an oath of allegiance, the state could hold elections and send
representatives and senators to Congress
o Arkansas, Louisiana, and Tennessee are admitted under this plan.
Johnson’s Plan: (Lincoln’s Vice-President, takes over when Lincoln assassinated)
o Lenient to the South
o “With malice toward none and charity for all.” Lincoln’s second inaugural address
o Tried to exclude high ranking Confederates and wealthy landowners from participating in
the new governments (but pardoned many)
o Believed white men must be in charge of the South
o Allowed the states to send representatives- under his plan of pardons, Congress refused to
seat these delegations and passed legislation related to Freedmen’s Bureau and Civil
Rights Act of 1865 (to make former slaves citizens)
o Johnson vetoed both measures
Radical Reconstruction
o Some extremist (Radical) Republicans felt Lincoln’s plan was too lenient
o Led by Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts and Representative Thaddeus Stevens of
Pennsylvania
o Wanted to punish the Southern states
o Wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote
o Overturned Johnson’s veto of the Freedmen’s Act that set up Freedmen’s Bureauo Overturned Johnson’s veto Civil Rights Act
o Passed the 14th Amendment- that prevented states from denying rights and privileges to
any US citizen, “all persons born or naturalized in the United States.”
Passed Reconstruction Act of 1867o Cancelled the reconstruction plans of both Lincoln and Johnson
o Set up military districts of the Confederacy (ended the governments set up under the
Lincoln and Johnson plans)
o Forced states to allow blacks to vote and to ratify the 14th amendment in order to rejoin the
Union
o 1868, 15th Amendment: declared that the states cannot stop people from voting based on
“race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
Freedmen’s Bureau: (page 184)
o Organization created by Congress to help poor whites and newly freed slaves- provide
food, clothing, hospitals, legal protection and education
o Republicans were angered by Johnson’s actions regarding the veto of the
Black Codes (page 185/188)
Laws that were passed in Southern states were aimed at that restricted African Americans
Klu Klux Klan:
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Slavery and African Americans in the United States 1800 - 1900
African American Perspective on US history 19th Century
How has learning about the history of African Americans in the United States changed your attitudes and
understanding of African American culture?
How has learning about the treatment of African Americans in the 19 th Century made you more sensitive to the
perspective of African Americans?
How has learning about African American history in the US affected your understanding of African American
culture?
Write a reflection about your understanding of African American perspective on American History.
Have your attitudes changed?
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