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Multiple Choice
History of Modern Psych, 4e: Study Guide, Chapter 13
13-1
1. Lightner Witmer
a. coined the term “school psychology”
b. was trained as a Freudian psychoanalyst but eventually rejected Freud’s emphasis on the
unconscious
c. was a Wundtian Ph.D. but developed part of his lab into American psychology’s first clinic
d. was an industrial psychologist best known for his Hawthorne studies
2. What did Eysenck find in his study of therapy effectiveness?
a. therapy was effective if the therapist had certain skills—the type of therapy did not matter
b. although neither therapy fared well, Freudian psychoanalysis was found to be more
effective than eclectic therapy
c. improvement was actually better without therapy than with either Freudian or eclectic therapy
d. the only therapy found to be better than the absence of therapy was “eclectic” therapy
3. Systematic desensitization is based on the principle that
a. relaxation responses were innate and just needed to be recognized by those with anxiety
disorders
b. relaxation responses could be conditioned to replace fear responses
c. the causes of phobic disorders are buried in the unconscious
d. medication is better than “talk” therapy when it comes to anxiety disorder
4. Humanistic psychologists argued that
a. our past shapes our present and future
b. self-actualization results from insight into the unconscious
c. it is important to recognize that we are responsible for our behavior
d. all of the above
5. With which of the following statements would Carl Rogers agree?
a. successful therapy requires that the clinician dig deeply into the client’s unconscious
b. scientific methods can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy
c. ultimately, the only thing that matters in therapy is that people change their behavior
d. the therapist must take an active role in guiding the client
6. Boulder model is to Vail model as
a. clinical psychology is to counseling psychology
b. therapy is to research
c. Psy.D. is to Ph.D.
d. science emphasis is to practice emphasis
7. The Hawthorne studies
a. were methodologically flawless, which is very hard to accomplish in a non-lab environment
b. helped support unionizing movements
c. suggested that physical factors (e.g. lighting) were more important to productivity than
human factors
d. helped establish the human relationship movement in industry
8. Since World War II,
a. academic psychologists have felt increasingly underrepresented in APA
b. academic psychologists have become increasingly more powerful in APA
c. academic psychology split from APA—APA is now made up entirely of practitioners
d. academics and practitioners have been more united than they ever were before the war
Multiple Choice
History of Modern Psych, 4e: Study Guide, Chapter 13
13-2
Answers
1. a. he coined the term “clinical psychology”
b. he was trained as an experimental psychologist
c. CORRECT ANSWER – he brgan the clinic when a teacher brought a student with learning problems
into his lab
d. he was not involved in the Hawthorne studies
2. a. some truth to this, but not what Eysenck found
b. Freudian psychoanalysis did not fare well at all in Eysenck’s analysis
c. CORRECT ANSWER – and this of course raised serious questions about the usefulness of therapy
d. eclectic therapy was no better than “no therapy”
3. a. relaxation was a skill that had to be learned
b. CORRECT ANSWER – note the connection with behaviorism
c. this would be a psychoanalytic idea, rejected by behavior therapists
d. no medication involved in systematic desensitization
4. a. humanistic psychologists de-emphasized the importance of the past on present behavior
b. humanistic psychologists de-emphasized the importance of the unconscious
c. CORRECT ANSWER – the idea of responsibility was important for the humanistic psychologists
d. neither a. nor b. is true
5. a. Rogers did not think the unconscious was very important
b. CORRECT ANSWER – among the humanistic psychologists, Rogers was unusual in his belief in
scientific methodology to examine therapy effectiveness
c. behavior therapists would believe this, but not Rogers
d. Rogers believed that therapists should not dictate to clients
6. a. both involve clinical training
b. the opposite
c. the opposite
d. CORRECT ANSWER – Boulder being the “scientist-practitioner” model
7. a. they were seriously flawed, methodologically
b. worked against the union movement
c. the opposite
d. CORRECT ANSWER – fostered the idea that workers were productive when they believed they
were important
8. a. CORRECT ANSWER – APA has become increasingly focused on issues related to the professional
practice of psychology
b. the opposite is true
c. academic continual to be involved in APA, although with a reduced status (compared to the years
before World War II
d. there was brief unity right after World War II, but it did not last long