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Bioscience Chapter 4 Study Guide Vocabulary – All vocabulary from the assigned chapter sections may be included on the test, so please review your skim & scan notes. The vocabulary terms listed here are terms you will definitely need to know to understand the key understandings below. Weather Climate Greenhouse Effect Latitude Polar zone Temperate Zone Tropical Zone Biotic factor Abiotic factor Predator Prey Symbiosis Ecological succession Biome Desert Tropical rain forest Tundra Chaparral Photic zone Aphotic zone Key Understandings – Any of the vocabulary or key concepts in the assigned chapter sections, as well as anything discussed in class, and especially concepts from in-class activities and labs, is fair game for the test. These are areas to concentrate your study for the test. Know the difference between weather and climate. Be able to explain how gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor in the atmosphere are responsible for the greenhouse effect. Understand why the greenhouse effect is actually a good thing for living things on this planet. Also understand how human activities that dump greenhouse gases into the atmosphere could contribute to global warming. Understand how the tilt of the earth is responsible for seasonal changes in temperature in temperate zones, and also explains why the polar zones are always cold, and the tropical zones are always warm. Know the basic rainfall and temperature patterns in the following biomes: desert, tundra, tropical rain forest, and chaparral (also known as mediterranean or temperate woodland and shrubland). Know which type of biome we live in here in Pleasanton. Understand the effect of the abiotic characteristics of a biome (temperature, climate) on the biotic characteristics (plants, animals, other living things) in that biome. Understand the basic relationships between living organisms described in your textbook, including predator/prey relationships, food webs, and different types of symbiosis. Explain the process of ecological succession that takes place in the “Long Term Changes” activity. Understand how very small changes in temperature and rainfall can have big effects on an ecosystem over long periods of time. Understand why climatograms such as those in your textbook (p 100-104) and those in the “Climatogram Lab” activity are useful for classifying ecosystems around the planet. Be able to look at a climatogram and give a simple description of the rainfall and temperature characteristics of the area represented. Know the basic types and characteristics of aquatic ecosystems, in particular the difference between the photic and aphotic zones.