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Part 1
1. Which of the following biomes is (are) adapted to frequent fires?
A. chaparral
B. temperate grasslands
C. savanna
D. only A and B
E. A, B, and C
2. Which of these processes removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
A. death
B. cellular respiration
C. photosynthesis
D. decomposition
E. burning
3. The concept of a trophic structure of a community emphasizes the
A. prevalent form of vegetation
B. effects of coevolution
C. species richness of the community
D. feeding relationships within a community
E. keystone predator
4. All of the following statements about biomes are correct except:
A. Climographs are often used to demonstrate climatic differences between biomes.
B. Temperature and precipitation account for most of the variation between biomes.
C. Biomes can be recognized as separate entities because they have sharp, well-defined
boundaries.
D. Biomes are major terrestrial communities.
E. Within biomes there may be extensive patchiness.
5. Dwarf mistletoes are flowering plants that grow on certain forest trees. They obtain nutrients
and water from the vascular tissues of the trees. The trees derive no known benefits from the
dwarf mistletoes. Which of the following best describes the interactions between dwarf
mistletoes and trees?
A. facilitation
B. competition
C. mutualism
D. parasitism
E. commensalisms
6. A uniform dispersion pattern for a population may indicate that
A. the density of the population is low
B. the population is spreading out and increasing its range.
C. individuals of the population are competing for some limited resource, such as water
and minerals for plants or nesting sites for animals
D. there is an absence of strong attractions or repulsions among individuals.
E. resources are heterogeneously distributed.
7. A population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.02 and an annual per
capita death rate of 0.06. Estimate the number of individuals added to (or lost from ) this
population of 1,000 individuals in one year.
A. 20 individuals added
B. 20 individuals lost
C. 40 individuals added
D. 40 individuals lost
E. 60 individuals added
8. The benthic zone in an aquatic biome
A. is where one would most expect to find a thermocline.
B. is the site of most photosynthesis within the biome.
C. often supports communities of organisms that feed largely on detritus.
D. B and C only are correct.
E. A, B, and C are correct.
Final
9. TRUE or FALSE: Darwin originated the theory of evolution.
A. true
B. false
10. The naturalist who synthesized a conceopt of natural selection independently of Darwin was
A. Alfred Wallace
B. Thomas Malthus
C. Charles Lyell
D. Rev. John Henslow
E. Gregor Mendel
11. Population densities of planktonic algae are likely to be greatest in which part of a lake?
A. photic zone
B. aphotic zone
C. thermocline
D. benthos
E. littoral zone
12. In crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote, what is the chance of getting an
offspring with the homeozygous recessive phenotype?
A. 0%
B. 25 %
C. 50%
D. 75 %
E. 100%
13. All of the following are characteristic of arthropods except
A. a diversity of gas exchange structures
B. a dorsal nerve cord
C. jointed appendages
D. an exoskeleton
E. numerous species
14. Species that are in the same ________ are more closely related to one another than are
species that are only in the same _______.
A. phylum…class
B. family …order
C. class…order
D. family…genus
E. kingdom…phylum
15. Annelids are abundant and successful organisms characterized accurately by all of the
following except
A. some parasitic forms
B. a complete digestive system
C. segmentation
D. a cuticle made of chitin
E. a hydrostatic skeleton
Part II
16. Human-induced modifications of the nitrogen cycle can result in
A. accumulation of very high levels of nitrates in ground water
B. depletion of atmospheric ozone
C. increased availability of fixed nitrogen to primary producers
D. eutrophication of fresh waster ecosystems
E. all of the above
17. Two plant species live in the same biome but on different continents. Although these two
species are not at all closely related, they may appear quite similar as a result of
A. introgression
B. gene flow
C. parallel evolution
D. convergent evolution
E. allopatric speciation
18. Which of the following is a result of biological magnification?
A. Energy is lost at each trophic level of a food chain
B. Nutrients are being removed from agricultural lands and into aquatic ecosystems
C. Top-level predators may be most harmed by toxic environmental chemicals
D. DDT has spread throughout every ecosystem an is found in almost every organism
E. The greenhouse effect will be most significant at the poles
19. Which of the following characterizes relatively K-selected populations?
A. early parental reproduction
B. offspring with good chances of survival
C. small offspring
D. a high intrinsic rate of increase
E. many offspring per reproduction episode
20. A survivorship curve that involves producing large numbers of offspring, each with a very
low probability of surviving to adulthood , is typical of
A. oysters
B. whales
C. elephants
D. cats
E. humans
21. Species richness increase
A. as community size decreases
B. as rates of evaporation decrease
C. on islands as island distance from the mainland increases
D. as one travels north form the South Pole to the equator
E. as one travel north from the equator
22. Within any given type of terrestrial biome
A. there is little or no vertical stratification
B. periodic disturbance is rare
C. species composition is typically uniform D. both B and C are true
E. non of the above is true
23. According to the concept of competitive exclusion,
A. extinction or emigration are the only possible results of competitive interactions.
B. competition within a population results in the success of the best-adapted individuals
C. two different species cannot coexist in the same habitat
D. resource partitioning will allow a species to utilize all the resources of its niche
E. two species cannot share the exact same niche in a community
Final
24. Base on current evidence, which of the following statements best describes the evolution of
humans?
A. Humans evolved in a single, orderly series of stages in which each stage became more
advanced than its predecessor
B. The various characteristics that we associate with humans evolved in unison over long
periods of time
C. Humans and apes diverged from a common ancestor about 5-7 million years ago
D. Humans are more closely related to gorillas than to chimpanzees
E. Humans evolved from the chimpanzee.
25. Which of the following is the unit of evolution? In other words, which of the following can
evolve in the Darwinian sense?
A. gene
B. chromosome
C. individual
D. population
E. species
26. In what ways are all protists alike? They are all
A. nonparasitic
B. eukaryotic
C. multicellular
D. marine
E. photosynthetic
27. In a species of intertidal marine snails, shell color is determined by a single gene with two
alleles. Homozygous recessive individuals produce yellow shells, whereas gray-black shells are
produced by homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals. In a population of these
diploid snails, 4% of the snails have yellow shells. The frequency of the yellow-shell allele in
this population is
A. 2%
B. 4%
C. 8%
D. 20%
E. 40%
28. Which of these statements is one of the generalizations of the cell theory?
A. Cells have homeostatic mechanisms that maintain their internal environment.
B. New cells arise from pre-existing cells. C. Life is extraterrestrial in origin.
D. All cells contain a nucleus.
E. DNA is the genetic material of all cells.
29. All bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, an hornworts) share certain characteristics. These
include:
A. reproductive cells in multicellular gametangia B. branched sporophytes
C. lignified walls
D. vascular tissues, true leave and a waxy cuticle. E. seeds.
30. Which of the following organisms does not reproduce cells by mitosis and cytokinesis?
A. banana tree
B. bacterium
C. cockroach
D. cow
E. mushroom
Part III
31. Within any given type of terrestrial biome
A. there is little or no vertical stratification
C. species composition is typically uniform
E. none of the above is true
B. periodic disturbance is rare
D. both B and C are true
32. Tropical grasslands with scattered trees are also known as
A. chaparrals
B. tundras
C. savannas D. prairies
E. taigas
33. Which statement about dispersal is incorrect?
A. Dispersal is a common component of the life cycles of plants and animals.
B. Colonization of devastated areas after volcanic eruptions depends on dispersal.
C. Dispersal occurs only on an evolutionary time scales.
D. Seeds are important dispersal stages in the life cycles of most flowering plants.
E. The ability to disperse can limit the geographic distribution of a species.
34. Natural selection has led to the evolution of diverse natural history (e.g., life history)
strategies which have in common
A. maximum lifetime reproductive success.
B. adaptation to stable environments.
C. relatively large offspring.
D. many offspring per reproductive episode.
E. limitation by density-dependent limiting factors.
35. Thorough mixing of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall turnovers is made
possible by which of the following?
A. seasonally changing water temperature profiles.
B. currents generated by planktonic algae. C. warm water layered at the top.
D. cold water layered at the bottom.
E. a pronounced thermocline under the surface.
36. Which of the following is not an abiotic factor that shapes ecosystems?
A. soil minerals
B. predators
C. fire
D. rainfall
E. volcanic eruptions
37. Humans and their domesticated animals directly consume about ___________of the world’s
net primary productivity.
A. 4%
B. 20%
C. 40%
D. 60%
E. 75%
38. What organisms are usually left out of diagrams of food webs and food chains?
A. primary producers
B. secondary consumers
C. predators
D. detrivores
E. primary consumers
Final
39. Plantlike photosynthesis that releases oxygen gas (O2) occurs in the
A. heterotrophic bacteria
B. zygomycetes
C. ciliate
D. cyanobacteria
E. yeasts
40. Both echinoderm and cnidarian adults have radially symmetrical bodies. This is an example
of:
A. coevolution
B. mutualism
C. convergent evolution
D. common ancestry
E. competition
41. If the flow of energy in an Arctic ecosystem goes through a simple food chain from
seaweeds to fish to seals to polar bears, then which of the following is true?
A. Polar bears can provide more food for Eskimos than seals can.
B. The total energy content of the seaweeds is lower than that of the seals.
C. Polar bear meat probably contains the highest concentrations of fat-soluble toxins.
D. Seals are more numerous than fish
E. It is a cold and frosty world in the land of the midnight sun.
42. Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. This success is associated with all of
the following except
A. xylem with vessels.
B. sperm cells with flagella C. animal pollination
D. reduced gametophytes
E. fruits enclosing seeds.
43. Which statement represents the best explanation for the observation that the nuclear DNA of
wolves and domestic dogs has a very high degree of homology?
A. Dogs and wolves belong to the same genus
B. Convergent evolution has occurred
C. Dogs and wolves shared a common ancestor relatively recently.
D. Dogs and wolves have very similar morphologies.
E. Dogs and wolves are both members of the family Canidae.
44. On which of the following did Linnaeus base his classification system?
A. morphology and anatomy
B. evolutionary history
C. the fossil record
D. only A and B are correct
E. A, B, and C are correct
45. All of the following statements about the method of feeding in the Cestoidea (tapeworms)
are true except:
A. They are parasites.
B. They absorb nutrients across the walls of their bodies.
C. They lack a digestive tract.
D. They subsist on undigested food.
E. As adults, they live in a digestive tract.