Download Study Guide for Chapter 13 Test

Study Guide for Chapter 13 Test
 Pollution that comes from many sources rather than a single specific source is
called no-point source pollution.
 The region near the bottom of a pond, lake or ocean is called the benthic
environment.
 The abyssal plain is the broad, flat part of the deep-ocean basin.
 Salinity is the measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a liquid.
 Desalination is the process of removing salt from sea water.
 The region of the ocean floor that is closest to the shoreline is the continental
shelf.
 The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean.
 One of the most abundant elements in the ocean is chlorine.
 Fresh water added by rivers, currents, evaporation all affect the ocean’s salinity.
 Most precipitation falls into the ocean.
 Oil is a nonrenewable resource in the in the ocean.
 The bathyal zone has a depth range between 200m and 4000m.
 The ocean floor and all of the organisms that live on or in it is the benthic
environment.
 Why does coastal water in areas that have hotter, drier climates typically have a
higher salinity than coastal water in cooler, more humid areas does?
o Coastal water in hotter, drier climates has higher salinity because less
fresh water runs into the ocean in drier areas. Also, heat increases the
evaporation rate.
 Describe two technologies used for studying the ocean floor.
o Sonar and piloted vessels (describe them)
 Identify the two major regions of the ocean floor, and describe how the
continental shelf, the continental slope and the continental rise are related.
o Two major regions—continental margin and deep-ocean basin.
o The continental shelf, slope and rise are all related because they are
sections of the continental margin based on depth and changes in slope.
 Define: plankton, nekton and benthos
 List two living resources and two nonliving resources that are harvested from the
ocean.
o Living—fish, seaweed, shellfish (clams, mussels, etc)
o Nonliving—oil and sea-floor minerals.
 What benefit other than being able to obtain fresh water from salt water comes
from desalination?
o Getting minerals such as salt.
 Define nonpoint-source pollution and point-source pollution. Give an example of
each.
o Point-source---dumping trash from barges.
o Nonpoint-source—oil or gasoline that leaked from cars on streets.