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Download Chapter 5 Overview Define: Cell cycle, mitosis, cytokinesis
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Chapter 5 Overview Define: Cell cycle, mitosis, cytokinesis, chromosome, histone, chromatin, chromatid, centromere, telomere, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, growth factor, apoptosis, cancer, benign, malignant, metastasize, carcinogen, asexual reproduction, binary fission, tissue, organ, organ system, cell differentiation, stem cell Answer: (5.1) Key Concept: Cells have different phases of growth, reproduction, and nurmaol functioning. The cell cycle has four main stages. 1. What are the four main stages of the cell cycle? Describe what happens during each stage. ____________- __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ___________ - ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___________ - ___________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ___________ - ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did stages G1 & G2 get their name? ____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Cells must pass through a critical checkpoint during which two stages of the cell cycle? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What does DNA synthesis mean? __________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 5. Where does DNA synthesis happen in Eukaryotic cells? _______________________ 6. The M phase is dived into two processes. What are they? Main Idea: Cells Divide at different rates (speeds). 7. Why does a skin cell divide more often than a liver cell? ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Describe G0 stage______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 9.. Page 136 of your text states “some cells such as Neurons, appear to stay permanently in G0 stage”. a. What parts of the body contain Neurons? ______________________________ b. How does this account for brain damage or paralysis _____________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ MAIN IDEA: Cell size is Limited 10. Why are there limitations on cell growth? In other words what would happen if a cell continued to grow and grow and grow? ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 11. Are the cells of an elephant larger than the cells of a mouse? Explain why or why not?____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12. What two things must happen for cells to be the same size from generation to generation. ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 13. What process divides a cells nucleus and its contents?________________________ 14. Label each phase of the cell cycle briefly describe what happens at each stage. (5.2) KEY CONCEPT: Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis. Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis. 15. What is a chromosome? ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 16. Why do chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis?________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ MAIN IDEA: Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells 17. How does interphase prepare a cell to divide? ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 18. Mitosis occurs in what type of cells? _______________________________________ 19. Develop a mnemonic device to memorize the order of the steps of mitosis. Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase M____________P____________M____________A_______________T___________ 20. If an original skin cell has 46 chromosomes prior to going through the cell cycle how many chromosomes will the two daughter cells have? _____________________ 21. Draw the picture of mitosis found on page 141 (6 pictures). (5.3) Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth. Internal and external factor regular cell division. 22. What is apoptosis? ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 23. What type of disease may result if cell division is not properly regulated? _________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 24. List three ways mutations can occur in genes involved in cell cycle regulation. _____ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 25. What does metastasize mean? ___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 26. What is a substance know to produce or promote the development of cancer? ______ _______________________________________________________________________ (5.4) Many organisms reproduce by cell division. Binary fission is a similar function to mitosis. 27. Offspring resulting from asexual reproduction and those resulting from asexual reproduction differ in one major way. What is the difference? ______________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 28. What are some advantages and disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction? Advantages Disadvantages 1 2 3 29. In what types of organism is mitotic reproduction most common? _______________ 30. Describe Describe Budding Fragmentation Vegetative Reproduction Define Examples of Organism that use this type of reproduction (5.5) KEY CONCEPT: Cells work together to carry out complex functions. Multicellular organisms depend on interactions among different cell types 31. Complete the table that represents organization in multi-cellular organisms 32. What is the process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells? ____ _______________________________________________________________________ MAIN IDEA: Stem cells can develop into different cell types. 33. List the three identifying characteristics of stem cells. a.________________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________ c. _______________________________________________________________ 34. Compare and contrast advantages and disadvantages of using adult stem cells vs. embryonic stem cells. 35.
