Download Ch.1 Test

Ch.1 Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Define homeostasis.
List 5 characteristics of living things.
Define hypothesis.
List the steps used to focus a microscope.
Define control.
List the functions of the following microscope parts.
a) arm
b)
body tube
c)
base
7. What do the lenses in a microscope do to an image?
8. What is the logical, orderly way to solve a problem?
9. What is the sum total of all the chemical reactions in the body?
10. What is a hypothesis which is supported by experimentation?
11. Define meter, liter, and gram.
12. List in order the steps of the scientific method.
13. How do you calculate total magnification of a microscope?
14. Define sexual and asexual reproduction .
d)
eyepiece
Biochemistry
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Give the molecular formula for glucose.
What makes a compound organic?
What are the four groups of macromolecules?
What is the function of carbohydrates like glucose?
What are enzymes? What factors affect their activity?
Where are acids found on the pH scale? Where are bases found on the pH scale?
What are electrically charged atoms?
What is the smallest particle of matter which still retains properties of an element?
What are atoms with a different number of neutrons, but the same number of protons?
What other information does the atomic number tell you?
Define ionic and covalent bonding.
What is the particle in an atom with a positive charge?
How many electrons can the first energy level of an atom hold? The second?
How many amino acids are there?
What factors affect enzyme activity?
Cell Structure and Function
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
What is the function of ribosomes?
What two types of molecules make up the cell membrane?
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
What is the function if the mitochondria?
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Define osmosis.
What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell? Give an example of each.
In reference to the diagram below, in which direction will water move? Why? Why won’t starch reach equilibrium?
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
What are specialized structures in the cytoplasm of cells?
What is nucleoplasm?
What is the very thin structure which encloses a cell and controls what enters and leaves?
Which scientist was the first to record observing cells and built the first rough microscope?
What are the small sacs with powerful digestive chemicals and are enclosed by membranes?
What are the large, clear, fluid-filled sacs used for storage?
What is the rigid outer structure made of cellulose in plant cells?
What is the mass of fibers within the nucleus of cells?
What is cytoplasm?
What is the command center of the cell?
List the parts of the cell theory.
Which organelle packages and distributes proteins?
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution? In a hypertonic solution?
Distinguish between active and passive transport.
What is pinocytosis? Phagocytosis?
List the properties of the cell membrane.
What is necessary to move particles against the flow of diffusion?
Of what is the cell membrane composed?
What structures are found in all cells?
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
Define cellular respiration.
Give the balanced equation for cellular respiration.
Which molecule in the cell traps energy in controlled amounts?
What is the function of stomata on a leaf? Where are they located?
Define photosynthesis.
Define autotroph and heterotroph.
What is the green pigment that absorbs light energy in photosynthesis?
Contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
What compound causes sore muscles from anaerobic respiration?
In what part of the plant does photosynthesis occur?
What happens when a phosphate is removed from ATP?
69. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related chemically?
DNA and RNA
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
Due to its shape, what term is used to describe DNA?
When in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Define DNA replication.
What are the enzymes involved in DNA replication? And what are their roles?
Define transcription.
Define translation.
Take this strand of DNA: TACGAACGATACACT – what is the mRNA strand that will be made? What is the amino
acid sequence that will be made? (use p. 211)
List the names of the bases found in DNA. Which bases pair together?
List the names of the bases found in RNA. Which bases pair together?
Write the complementary DNA base sequence for the given DNA sequence: 3’ TACGTCCCGATC 5’
What do the sequence of bases in DNA determine?
What is made of one sugar, one phosphate, and one nitrogenous base?
Who were Watson and Crick?
Changes in the sequence of bases in DNA affect the production of what?
What is a point mutation?
Cell Division
85. Describe what is happening in the following phases of mitosis.
a) prophase
b) metaphase
c) anaphase
d) telophase
86. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
87. If a germ cell undergoing meiosis contains 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the gametes
it produces contain?
88. If a somatic (body) cell with 10 chromosomes divides through mitosis, how many chromosomes will there be in the
daughter cells produced?
89. What is cytokinesis?
90. How do cells know when to divide?
91. What important events are unique to prophase 1 of meiosis?
92. What happens during the phases of interphase (G1, S, G2)?
93. How many chromosomes does a person with Down’s syndrome have?
94. When do normal cells become cancer cells?
Genetics
95. Perform the following crosses where T=tall and t=short in pea plants.
a) TT x tt
b) Tt x Tt
c) Tt x tt
Tell the percentage of tall offspring resulting from each cross.
96. Define homozygous (pure). Define heterozygous.
97. Define phenotype. Give an example of a phenotype.
98. Define genotype. Give an example of a genotype.
99. What is the study of heredity?
100.
Describe recombinant DNA
101.
Be able to analyze a pedigree
102.
What can you learn from a karyotype?
103.
What are restriction enzymes and what do they do?