Download Compare the following sets of stars using the words: BRIGHTER or

Compare the following sets of stars using the words: BRIGHTER or DIMMER, and COOLER or HOTTER.
1. Spica (dimmer and hotter) and Polaris (brighter and cooler)
2. Betelgeuse (brighter and same cool temperature) and Bernard’s star (dimmer
and same cool temp.)
3. Sirius B (brighter and hotter) and Procyon B (dimmer and cooler)
4. Sun (dimmer and cooler) and Vega (brighter and hotter)
5. Alpha Centauri A (dimmer and cooler) and Canopus (brighter and hotter)
6. Describe the sun’s location on the HR diagram: Along the Main Sequence
about average brightness and temperature
7. What determines the color of the stars? The temperature! Blue is the
hottest & red is coolest!
8. Explain how energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth in the vacuum
of space? Electromagnetic Energy (infrared, light and ultraviolet)
through waves
9. How do scientists know what elements are in stars? By looking at
the star spectrums for known elements using a spectroscope.
Complete the following table:
Type of galaxy
Sketch
10.
Elliptical
12.
Irregular
14
Spiral
Barred
Spiral
16.
Description
11.
Round or elliptical, old red
stars
13. No Defined Shape, young
stars
15. A cluster of stars in the
center with arms showing
rotation (spin)
17. A type of spiral with a thick
band of stars through the
middle
18. What type of galaxy is the Milkyway galaxy? A Barred Spiral (or
spiral)
19. Where are we located in the Milkyway galaxy? We are on an arm.
20. Draw a picture and describe the process of H atoms combining to
form He atoms.
In the process of nuclear fusion, one
atom of hydrogen (mass # = 2) and
one atom of hydrogen (mass # = 3)
fuse together to form Helium (mass #
= 4) and one neutron. This occurs
during the Main Sequence of a star.
21. Draw and label the life cycle of stars (see your star notes):
Sun-like Star -> red giant -> planetary nebula -> white dwarf
Massive -> Super red giant -> supernova -> neutron star (large stars)
->Black hole (extra-large stars)
Stellar Nursery (Nebula)
22. What determines the life cycle path the star will take in the above
diagram? The mass of the gas cloud (nebula)
23. Name the forces involved in the following processes:
A. Gas/dust from a stellar nursery come together to form stars: Gravity
B. Stars are made of gas, but keep a size/shape (equilibrium):
Gravity (inward) and Gas Pressure (outward)
24. Put the following structures in order from smallest to largest:
Universe, star, galaxy, asteroid, planet, solar system, International Space Station, Earth’s moon
ISS, Asteroid, Moon, Planet, Star, Solar System, Galaxy, Universe
25. Place the following waves in order from lowest frequency (longer
wavelengths) to highest frequency (shorter wavelengths):
Ultraviolet, Radio, X-ray, Visible light, Gamma, Infrared
Radio, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma
26. What is wavelength and how does it determine frequency?
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.
The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency.
27. Which electromagnetic wave has the lowest energy? Radio Highest?
Gamma How do you know? The higher the frequency of a wave, the
more energy it has (more powerful)
28. Explain the Big Bang Theory, including the evidence that supports it:
Theory of the beginning of the universe, proof is the Red Shift showing
everything is expanding
29. What is a LIGHT-YEAR? Distance light travels in a year, used to
measure distances outside of our solar system.
30. Why do planets in our solar system orbit the sun in a circular path?
The sun’s gravitational force keeps us in our circular path. We stay in
motion due to inertia.
32. What causes day and night? Earth’s rotation (24 hours) Seasons?
Earth’s tilt
33. Draw and label moon phases.
Neap tide
Spring tide
Spring tide
Lunar Eclipse
Solar Eclipse
Neap tide