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All in one / the 4th AM Program summarizing Past simple: (finished actions, used with adv. Yesterday, last, ago….(all pro: I she he it they we you)) I – Regular verbs: s + v + ed *negative: s + did not + v (inf) Ex: I arrived *neg: I did not arrive. II – irregular verbs: s + v(list) *negative: s + did not + v (inf) Ex: I spoke *neg: I did not speak. "wh" questions except Who Did not = didn't Wh + did + s + v(inf) + ? Past continuous: (not finished actions in past, used with: while, all the day, as soon as, when…….) s + (was/were) + v + ing * negative: s + (was/were) + not + v+ ing Was not = wasn't ; were not = weren't "wh" questions Wh + (was/were) + s + v + ing ? Present perfect: (past actions continue in present, used with: for, since, already, just…..) s + (have/has) + past participle (v) *neg: s + (have/has) + not + past participle (v) Ex: It has rained since Friday *neg: It has not rained since Friday. Has not = hasn't ; have not = haven't "wh" questions Wh + (have/has) + s + past participle (v) +? Present simple: (Daily routine actions, used with: always, often, every, sometimes, usually, never) I – ( I, they, we, you ): s + v(inf) *negative : s + do + not Ex : we go *neg: we do not go. II – (she, he, it): s + v + s most of verbs * s + does + not +v(inf); Ex: he eats – he does not eat es verbs ending (o, sh, ch, s, x) ; Ex: she goes *neg: she does not go. ies y after consonant ; Ex: it tries *neg: it does not try. Do not = don't ; does not = doesn't "wh" questions except Who Wh + (do / does) + s + v(inf) + ? Present continuous: (not finished actions in present, used with: now, at this moment …) s + (am/is/are) + v + ing "wh" questions * negative: s + (am/is/are) + not + v+ ing is not = isn't ; are not = aren't Wh + (am/is/are) + s + v + ing + ? Simple future: (future actions, used with adv. tomorrow, next ……. s + (will /shall) + v(inf) *negative: s + (will /shall) + not + v(inf) Ex: I 'll leave *neg: I will not leave. Will not = won't ; I will = I'll "wh" questions Wh + (will/shall) + s + v + ? * Sometimes we use "going to" to express intentions: Ex: I'm going to visit Ghardia next summer. We can join simultaneous actions using past continuous using: while, as, when, We can join not finished action (p.con) with a finished action (p.sim) using: while, as, when, suddenly We were having lunch while it was raining out. / he was watching the news when his father came. Expressing ability:(I know to do something): s +(can/could)+ v(inf) *neg: s +(can/could)+not+ v(inf) Ex : when I was 3 years, I couldn't run fat but now I can do it. Expressing obligation /necessity: s + must + v(inf) Could not = couldn't, can not=can't *neg: s + must + not + v(inf) must not=mustn't Sana is ill. She must stay in bed. Expressing (possibility/permission/suggestions) : s + (may/might)+v(inf) *neg: …(may/might) + not + v(inf) ex : He might be right he might not be right Conditional type 1: We use the first conditional to talk about things that are possible in the future. If + verb in present simple…, …(will/will not) Ex: if it rains, I will stay at home It contains the if clause and the result Conditional type 2: We use the second conditional to talk about the present, and to image something, totally different from the real situation now or in the future. If +...verb in past simple,…would/wouldn't Ex: if I knew the answer, I would tell you. Comparison form: We use it to compare two things. 1 – Short adjectives: ….(to be) + adj + er + than +……English is easier than French. (adj : easy ) 2 – Long adjectives: …(to be) + more+ adj + than +… She is more nervous than me. (adj. nervous) 3 – Irregular adjectives: …(to be) + better/worse/further + than +… Good better than , bad worse than , far further than Superlative form: We use it to compare one thing with its category/type. 1 – Short adjectives: ….(to be) + the + adj + est + ……Sudan is the largest country in Africa. (large) 2 – Long adjectives: …(to be) + the + most + adj + … lion is the most dangerous animal(dangerous) 3 – Irregular adjectives: …(to be) + the + best/worst/ furthest +… Good the best , bad the worst , far the furthest To be I He She It They We You To have I He She It They We You Past simple am is is is are are are Past simple have has has has have have have Present simple was was was was were were were Present simple had had had had had had had Simple future will/shall be will be will be will be will be will/shall be will be Simple future will/shall have will have will have will have will have will/shall have will have To do I He She It They We You Past s do does does does do do do Present did did did did did did did s. future will/shall do will do will do will do will do will do will do Regular plurals: Noun + s ( most of nouns) Ex: book books, girl girls Noun + es (noun ends with: o, s, sh, ch, x) Ex: box boxes, bus buses, brush brushes…. Nouns + ies (noun ends with y after consonant) Ex: city cities , country countries…. Nouns + ves ( noun ends with f /fe) wolf wolves wife wives …… Irregular plurals: Manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, Footfeet, teethtooth, ox oxen, mousemice Fish fish, people people,