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Computing Essentials 2008 Chapter 9: Communications and Networks Key Terms Key Term Definition A computer network that allows users to download data 3G cellular network (249) from the Internet at 400 to 700 Kbps using cell phone technology. analog signal (247) Continuous electronic waves. asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) (248) backbone (258) bandwidth (249) base station (254) bits per second (bps) (247) Bluetooth (245) broadband (250) broadcast radio (245) bus (258) bus network (258) cable modem (249) cellular service (249) client (251) client/server network system (260) coaxial cable (244) Communication channel (244) Communication system (243) computer network (251) connectivity (242) demodulation (247) dial-up service (248) digital signal (247) digital subscriber line (DSL) (248) distributed data processing system Key Terms The most widely used types of DSL. A common connecting cable on which all communications travel along. (see also bus) A measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel. A network’s centrally located receiver that interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the appropriate devices. (see also wireless receiver) How transfer speed is measured A short-range wireless communication standard that uses microwaves to transmit data over short distances The bandwidth used for high-capacity transmissions. Uses radio signals to send and receive signals from wireless devices. A common connecting cable on which all communications travel along. (see also backbone) Each device in the network handles its own communications control. Use existing television cables to provide high-speed connections to the Internet. Offer an alternative for mobile devices and laptops. A node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. A computer network where one computer coordinates and supplies services to other nodes on the network. A high-frequency transmission cable with a single solidcopper core. The actual connecting or transmission medium that carries the message. An electronic system that transmit data from one location to another A communication system that connects two or more computers so that they can exchange information and share resources. Using computer networks to link people and resources. The process of converting from analog to digital. Using standard telephone lines and conventional modems to link to the Internet or other computers A representation of the presence or absence of an electronic pulse – on/off Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections Computers that can perform processing tasks at their own Page 1of 6 Computing Essentials 2008 Chapter 9: Communications and Networks (258) distributed processing (251) domain name server (DNS) (250) Ethernet (253) external modem (247) extranet (262) fiber-optic cable (244) firewall (263) global positioning system (GPS) (245) hierarchical network (258) home network (254) host computer (251) hub (251) infrared (245) internal modem (248) intranet (262) IP address (Internet Protocol address) (250) local area network (LAN) (253) low bandwidth (250) medium band (250) metropolitan area network (MAN) (254) microwave (245) modem (247) modulation (247) network administrator (251, 264) network gateway (253) network hub (255) Key Terms dispersed locations. A system in which computing power is located and shared at different locations. Converts text-based addresses to IP addresses The most common way in which nodes can be connected to one another and communications can be controlled. A modem that stands apart from the computer and typically is connected by a cable to the computer’s serial port. A private network that connects more than one organization. Transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. A security system designed to protect an organization’s network against external threats. Global positioning system (GPS) devices use location information sent by satellites to uniquely determine the geographic location of the device. Consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, but also are hosts to other, smaller computers or peripheral devices. Local Area Networks used by individuals in their homes and apartments. A large centralized computer, usually a minicomputer or a mainframe. The center or central node for other nodes. A type of wireless connection that uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. A modem that consists of a plug-in circuit board inside the system unit. A private network within an organization that resembles the Internet. A unique numeric address for every computer on a network. Networks with nodes that are in close physical proximity Used for standard telephone communication. (see also voiceband) the bandwidth used in special leased lines to connect minicomputers and mainframes A network that span distances up to 100 miles. A type of communication uses high-frequency radio waves. Modulator-demodulator, enables digital microcomputers to communicate across analog telephone lines. The process of converting from digital to analog. A computer specialist responsible for efficient network operations and implementation of new networks. A device that allows one LAN to be linked to other LANs or to larger networks. A central unit in a network, such as a server. Page 2of 6 Computing Essentials 2008 Chapter 9: Communications and Networks network interface card (NIC) (251) network operating system (NOS) (251) node (251) packet (250) PC Card modem (248) peer-to-peer network system (261) polling (255) protocol (250) proxy server (263) ring network (258) satellite (245) satellite/air connection service (249) server (251) star network (255) strategy (260) T1, T2, T3, T4 lines (248) telephone line (244) terminal network (260) time-sharing system (258) topology (255) transfer rate (247) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (250) voiceband (250) wide area network (WAN) (254) Wi-FI (wireless fidelity) (245) wireless LAN (WLAN) (254) wireless modem (248) wireless receiver (254) Key Terms Expansion cards located within the system unit that connect the computer to a network An operating system that control and coordinate the activities of all computers and other devices on a network. Any device that is connected to a network. Data reformatted or broken down into small parts A modem that is a credit card–size expansion board that is inserted into portable computers A network system where nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. A type of communications where each connecting device is asked whether it has a message to send. Rules for exchanging data between computers A computer through which all communications between the company’s internal networks and the outside world must pass. Each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring with no central computer A type of communication that uses satellites orbiting about 22,000 miles above the earth as microwave relay stations. Use satellites and the air to download or send data to users at a rate seven times faster than dial-up connections. A node that shares resources with other nodes. A number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit. A way of coordinating the sharing of information and resources Special high-speed lines leased from telephone companies. A type of cable that uses 2, 4, or 8 pairs of copper wire. A network system where processing power is centralized in one large computer, usually a mainframe. Several users can share resources (time) on a central computer. How a network is arranged or configured The speed at which data can be transmitted The standard protocol for the Internet Used for standard telephone communication. (see also low bandwidth) A countrywide or worldwide network that spans distances greater than 100 miles. A wireless standard used to connect computers to each other and to the Internet. Local area network that uses wireless devices to connect nodes together. A modem that may be internal, external, or a PC Card sends and receives through the air. A network’s centrally located receiver that interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the appropriate devices. (see also base station) Page 3of 6 Computing Essentials 2008 Chapter 9: Communications and Networks Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. 5 7 9 10 11 12 14 Clue Interprets and routs incoming radio frequencies. Continuous electronic waves. Configuration of a network. Network interface card. Transfer speed or transfer rate. Short range wireless communication standard. Measurement of the width of the communication channel. Answer Base station Analog topology NIC bps bluetooth bandwidth Down Num. 1 2 3 4 6 8 13 15 16 Clue Node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. Each device in the network handles its own communications. Device that allows links between LANs. Process that converts digital to analog. Pieces of a message sent over the Internet. Global positioning system. Any device that is connected to a network. Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections. Central node for other nodes. Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C B A D C D B B D D G B A I H E C J D F Answer client Bus network Network gateway modulation packets GPS node DSL hub Open Ended Questions: 1. Define and discuss connectivity, the wireless revolution, and communications. Connectivity is a concept related to using computer networks to link people and resources. You can connect a microcomputer by telephone or other telecommunications links to other computers and information sources almost anywhere. With this connection, you are linked to the world of larger computers and the Internet. The single most dramatic change in connectivity and communications in the past five years has been the widespread use of mobile or wireless telephones. Communication systems are electronic systems that transmit data from one location Answers to End of Chapter materials Page 4 of 6 Computing Essentials 2008 Chapter 9: Communications and Networks to another 2. Identify and describe the various physical and wireless communication channels. Physical Telephone lines - consist of twisted-pair cable made up of hundreds of copper wires. Coaxial cable- a high-frequency transmission cable with a single solid-copper core. Fiber-optic cable - transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. Wireless Infrared - uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. Broadcast radio sends and receive radio signals through transceivers. Microwave - uses high-frequency radio waves. Satellite - uses satellites orbiting above the earth as microwave relay stations. 3. Identify the standard Internet protocol and discuss its essential features. The standard protocol for the Internet is TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol). Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric address called an IP address. Information is reformatted or broken down into small parts called packets. 4. Define and discuss the four principal network topologies. Star network - a number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit. Bus network - each device in the network handles its own communications control. Ring network - each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring. Hierarchical network— consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, and also hosts to other, smaller computers or to peripheral devices. 5. Define and discuss the three most common network strategies. Terminal network system,- processing power is centralized in one large computer, usually a mainframe. Client/server network systems - use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network. Peer-to-peer network system, nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. Answers to End of Chapter materials Page 5 of 6 Computing Essentials 2008 Chapter 9: Communications and Networks Applying Technology Focus Ethical Expanding Your Knowledge Writing About Technology Electronic Monitoring Digital Rights Management Web Tools Palm Software Tools Home Networking Distributed Computing How Napster and Gnutella Work How Wireless Home Networks Work Hotspots Writing Skills Ethical focus 1. Writing About Technology exercise #1 Electronic Monitoring explores the FBI Carnivore monitoring system and how it affects personal privacy. 2. Writing About Technology exercise #2 Digital Rights Management explores the issue of sharing copyrighted material over the Internet and how it affects software piracy. Web Tools 1. Applying Technology exercise #3 Palm explores how Palms work with the Internet and looks at the types of information are available. 2. Expanding Your Knowledge #2 How Napster and Gnutella Work looks at the different types of network architectures employed by each program and their efficiencies. Software Tools 1. Applying Technology exercise #1 Home Networking works with the Making it Work for you section in exploring the different types of home networking and how to configure them. 2. Applying Technology exercise #2 Distributed Computing has the students research the concept of distributed computing, how it works, and why it is beneficial. 3. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Wireless Home Networks Work has the students discover basic features and functionalities of home networking and how they can be configured. 4. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #3 Hotspots has the student explore the technology of public Internet access and what is necessary to use it. Writing Skills 1. Focus tables to End of Chapter materials Page 6 of 6