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CHAPTER 1: “THE GREAT WAR,” (pp. 8—47)
WORLD IN ARMS: TIMEFRAME AD 1900—1925
1. He was the last of the Romanovs, the royal family that had ruled Russia for 300 years.
__________________________
2—4.
What nations were members of the Triple Alliance?
________________;
_______________________; _________________
5—7.
What nations were members of the Triple Entente?
_____________;
____________; _________________
8. The number of deaths in World War I. ________________
9. This nation would emerge out of the fragments of the defeated Ottoman Empire.
______________
10—12.
What other nations fought on the side of the Triple Alliance?
_________________________; _________________________ What was another
name given to the members of this alliance? ___________________
13—19. Name seven European nations that remained neutral during World War I.
_________________; _________________; ________________; _______________;
_____________________; __________________; ____________________
20—21. The head of the German General Staff until 1905, he had devised a war plan by
which Germany would avoid a two-front war with a quick defeat of France.
_______________________
This plan involved forcibly crossing through this
neutral nation. _____________
22. Germany’s military commander in 1914. _____________________________
23—26. His assassination on June 28, 1914 would become the immediate trigger for
World War I. __________________________ Who was the assassin? ______________
______________
The
Bosnian
city
in
which
the
assassination
occurred.
______________ In the assassination’s aftermath, Austria presented this nation with an
intentionally heavy-handed ultimatum. ____________________
26. The forbidding area located between the opposing front-line trenches. __________
________
27. Thousands of French soldiers were rushed in Paris taxis to this September 1914
battle. ______________
28. Perhaps most famous today as the plane of the cartoon character Snoopy, these
British planes held their own with the German Fokker triplanes as the World War I
dogfights transferred armed conflict to the skies above Europe. _________________
29. This 1915 attempt to capture the Dardanelles and thus knock the Ottoman Empire out
of the war turned into an Allied disaster; that so many troops from the British
dominions of Australia and New Zealand participated in the assault led to it assuming
a prominent role in their developing national mythologies. _________________
30. These giant German airships launched the world’s first strategic bombing raids
against London in 1915. _________________
31. The largest passenger liner in the world, it was sunk by a German u-boat off the coast
of Ireland in 1915 killing 1,198, including 128 Americans. _________________
32. This centuries-old French bastion became the target as the German high command
switched in 1916 to a strategy of attrition. _______________
33. Eighteen British infantry division launched their assault at this battle on July 1, 1916
by marching in regular lines towards the German trenches – by the end of the day, the
bloodiest of the war, the British had suffered some 60,000 casualties. ____________
_____________________
34. The Germans first used this as a weapon of war in 1915 at the second battle of Ypres.
___________________
35. In March 1917, revolutionary forces took power in this nation. ______________
36. This major nation entered World War I in April 1917. ____________________
37. In 1917, the Germans retreated behind this, a deep defensive zone of concrete
fortifications and barbed wire. __________________________
39—41. In Russia, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin successfully
promoted a second revolution in November 1917 by promising these three things to those
who backed his forces. _____________; ________________; _______________
42. By this Russo-German agreement of March 1918, the Russians yielded Poland, the
Ukraine, and the Baltic states, and agreed to pay a huge indemnity.
_______________________________
43—44. President Woodrow Wilson’s January 1918 speech to the U.S. Senate set out
this peace program, an idealistic agenda calling for national self-determination, openness,
free markets, and the rule of international law. _____________________ This proposed
security organization was pictured by Wilson as one key to future power. __________
_____________________
45. These quick-moving elite German troops introduced late in the war were to attack
with machine guns and leave enemy strong-points to be dealt with later by follow-up
units; heir tactics foreshadowed the fighting of World War II. __________________
46. The approximate percentage of British military manpower supplied by its overseas
empire in World War I. ____________
47—48. During the Easter Rising of 1916 an Irish Citizen Army of Catholic nationalists
threatened to take over this city from British control. ______________ This northern
Irish province was the most important Protestant stronghold. ______________
49. The date the armistice ending World War I was signed. _____________________
50—53. From January to June 1919, world leaders met at this former French palace in an
effort to hammer out a lasting peace. _____________________ The U.S. president,
British prime minister, and French premier who were the three most important officials at
the conference. ___________________________; _____________________________;
___________________________________
54—55. German territory since the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, these two provinces
reverted to France at the end of World War I. _______________; __________________
56—59.
Name four European nations created at the end of World War I.
_________________; _________________________; _________________________;
______________________
TRUE OR FALSE
60. On the eve of World War I, Germany’s Kaiser, Russia’s czar, and Britain’s king
were all cousins.
_____
61. At the beginning of World War I, while the Germans wore field-grey uniforms, the
French wore bright blue coats and scarlet trousers.
_____
62. Anticipating a major European conflict, the French and Germans alike had already
dug the deep trenches that would be the scene for so much fighting in World War I by the
eve of the battle.
_____
63. Japan fought on the side of the Central Powers in World War I.
64.
_____
Due to technological advances, the attacking forces held a decisive military
advantage in World War I.
_____
65. The Germans publicly destroyed the master copy of the Treaty of Versailles in 1940
after their armies had captured the French archives.
_____
CHAPTER 2: “THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION,”
(pp. 49—75)
WORLD IN ARMS: TIMEFRAME AD 1900—1925
1. Between 1853 and 1856, Russia participated in a disastrous war against France,
Britain,
and
the
Ottoman
Empire
on
this
Black
Sea
peninsula.
_____________________
2. In March 1861, Czar Alexander II emancipated these by decree. _____________
3. This had been capital of Russia since 1713. _______________________
4—5. The approximate percentage of the total Russian population in the early twentieth
century who were peasants. ________________ The political party that identified the
peasantry as the potential agents of radical social change. ______________________
6. By 1900, it was the largest single source of revenue in the Russian imperial budget.
_______________________
7—12. The year of Karl Marx’s death. ______________ His political and economic
theories highlighted conflict between these at the motor of history. ________________
The three main stages through which mankind inevitably would progress, according to
Marx.
___________________; _____________________; _____________________
The name Marx gave to the working class. ______________________
12. The name of the radical Russian political party that drew its inspiration from the
ideas of Marx. ___________________________
14—18. Born in 1870 of this name on a Volga River town, he turned to radicalism in
1887 when his elder brother was executed for his part in a failed attempt to assassinate
the czar. ______________________________ Upon his release from Siberian exile in
1900, he established this revolutionary paper. ____________________________ He
adopted this name for himself, derived from the Lena, the longest river in Siberia.
___________ Despite losing out in a factional struggle over whether to remain a broadbased party or, as Lenin favored, to rely on a secret, disciplined, and expert cadre of
highly dedicated individuals, Lenin adopted this name for he and his followers, literally
“men of the majority.” ______________________ Lenin dubbed his Social Democratic
opponents this, literally “men of the minority.” _______________________
19—20.
In 1904, Russia was engaged in a war with this emerging Asian power.
________________ The war began with a surprise attack on this, the Russian naval base
in Manchuria. ____________________
21—23. Some 300 Russians were killed and another several hundred wounded by
military authorities in a January 1905 political demonstration outside this Saint
Petersburg building. ____________________ The name by which this massacre came
to be known. _____________________ In the mass strikes that followed the massacre,
these autonomous councils of workers’ deputies emerged in a number of cities.
_________________
24. What was the name of the elected parliament introduced at the end of 1905?
________________
16. He was assassinated in 1911 after introducing a number of limited reforms as prime
minister. _________________________
17. This Siberian holy man gained increasing influence at the Russian court because of
his purported ability to control the czaravitch’s hemophilia – he would be
assassinated by young nobles in 1916 who had become convinced that he was a
destructive force. _________________________
18. What month and year did the February Revolution occur in? _________________
19. This nation helped Lenin return from Switzerland to Petrograd’s Finland Station in
April 1917. _______________________
20. Born in 1879 of Ukranian farmers, he would become one of the most important of
the early Bolsheviks, transforming the Red Army into an efficient fighting force.
_______________________
21. The war minister in the provisional government, he would become one of Lenin’s
chief adversaries as the latter sought to turn the social turmoil of 1917 to the
Bolsheviks’ advantage. _____________________________
22. By the terms of this Bolshevik peace treaty with the Central Powers in early March
1918, Russia surrendered large amounts of territory in the Baltic, Finland, Poland,
the Ukraine, and the Caucasus. ___________________________
23. The Bolsheviks moved the capital from Petrograd to this city. ______________
24. The anti-Bolshevik forces coalesced under this name, as Russia descended into civil
war. _____________________
25. This type of overtly political art played a significant role in promoting the Bolshevik
cause in the years immediately following 1917. _____________________
26. The Bolshevik regime’s new security police, it promoted a campaign of Red Terror
to identify and destroy the counterrevolutionaries who dared to defy Lenin’s vision.
__________________
27. In 1921, there was a rebellion by the sailors of this naval base against the Bolsheviks
– once these sailors had been amongst the revolution’s most avid supporters.
_______________________
28. This pragmatic economic plan introduced by Lenin in 1921 implicitly recognized
that the revolution had perhaps been moving too fast under the circumstances –
peasants were allowed to sell excess grain for profit while many small businesses
were returned to private hands. _________________________________
29. Beginning in 1921, Lenin suffered a series of these – they would paralyze him and
slowly rob him of the ability to make decisions. _______________
30. This would be permanently displayed in Moscow’s Red Square beginning in 1919.
________________________
31. In 1923, regional minorities, who had gained a measure of independence during the
civil war, were forced to join Russia in this new union. _____________________
______________________________
32. Distrusted by Lenin, he would ultimately gain the upper-hand from Trotsky in the
leadership struggle to succeed Lenin – he was able to have Trotsky exiled in 1929
and assassinated in 1940. ____________________
TRUE OR FALSE
42. On the eve of World War I, less than half of Russia’s population of 130 million
spoke Russian as their first language.
_____
43. Several hundred Russians were killed in a beer stampede in Moscow the day after
Nicholas II’s coronation in 1896 – rumors that the beverage was in short supply led to
mass panic at an open-air feast.
_____
44. According to the theories of Marx, Russia was the most logical place for a socialist
revolution.
45.
_____
Troops from 14 western countries joined in the military effort to overthrow
Bolshevism during the Russian civil war.
_____
CHAPTER 3: “THE MIDDLE EAST
TRANSFORMED,” (pp. 77—99)
WORLD IN ARMS: TIMEFRAME AD 1900—1925
1. This peninsula was the homeland of the Ottoman Turks. ___________________
2. This sea, historic site of Constantinople, lies between the Aegean and the Black Sea.
_______________________________
3. The derisive nickname used by Western leaders to refer to the Ottoman Empire in the
nineteenth century. ______________________________
4—7. This nation defeated the Ottoman Empire in an 1877-78 war that alarmed the other
European powers.
___________________
What three countries gained immediate
independence from the Ottomans as a result of this war?
________________;
________________; _________________________
8. Half a million or more of these Christian people who lived predominantly in the
mountainous eastern region of Anatolia were killed in an Ottoman World War I-era
“relocation” policy that amounted to genocide in disguise. ____________________
9. Named after the British foreign secretary who issued this 1917 statement, it promised
that England would support the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the
Jewish people. _________________________
10. The name for this Jewish movement, formally organized in 1897, to push for a
separate Jewish state. __________________
11—16.
After the defeat of the Ottomans in World War II, the empire’s former
territories in the Middle East were placed under the mandate of this new international
organization. __________________________ What two colonies was France given the
bureaucratic responsibility of administering? ________________; ________________
What three territories was Britain given the responsibility of administering?
_______________; _________________; ________________________
17—22. Between 1919 and 1922, this nation engaged in a bitter war with the Turks.
______________ The Turkish military hero of that war, he would serve as president of
the Republic of Turkey from 1923 until his death in 1938 _________________________
His banning of this traditional Turkish male headgear was a potent symbol of his
modernization program.
_______________
He moved that national capital here.
__________________ The old capital, Constantinople, was renamed this, its Turkish
name. ______________________ He renamed himself this, literally “father of the
Turk.” __________________________
23. What percentage of the world’s oil supply was produced in the Middle East in 1945?
________________
“JAPAN’S NEW HORIZONS,” (pp. 101-122)
WORLD IN ARMS: TIMEFRAME AD 1900-1925
1. War with this European power in 1904—1905 marked Japan’s coming-of-age on the
imperialist stage. ___________________
2—3. Following this war, Japan gained this port on Manchuria’s Liaodong Peninsula
(____________________), as well as half of this northern island. (________________)
4. The Japanese annexed this nation in 1910. __________________
5.
After World War I, Japan gained the northern Pacific colonies of this nation.
_______________
6. During its two-and-one-half century era of self-imposed isolation, Japan was divided
into approximately 300 fiefs, each ruled by a ______________, or lord.
7—8. The Japanese royal court was centered during these years at this central city.
(___________) Real military and political power rested with this official, who presided
over the court at the city of Edo, later to be renamed Tokyo. ______________
9. The name given to the 1868 rebirth of imperial rule, brought about when disaffected
samurai from the southwest announced the transfer of power from the shogun to the
emperor. ____________________
10. The year in which a Japanese embassy left the port of Yokohama for a tour of the
United States. ____________
11. The private armies of the local daimyos were disbanded and replaced by this 1873
policy. _____________________________________
12. The defeat of this Asian rival in a short war in 1894—95 indicated how Japan’s
military power was increasing. ___________
13.
This native Japanese religion, meaning “way of the gods” and involving the
pantheistic worship of ancestors and nature alike, was reemphasized during the
nationalistic upsurge at the turn of the century. __________________
14—15. The mythological deities to which all Japanese emperors traced their ancestry.
___________________ and ________________.
16. The percentage of Japan’s male population that was entitled to vote for members of
the new lower assembly under the constitution of 1889. _______________
17. In 1900, 8,000 Japanese troops cooperated with a like-sized European force in
crushing this Chinese rebellion. _____________________
18. A crushing defeat by the Japanese of the Russian fleet, it marked the culminating
battle of the Russo-Japanese War. ____________________
19. The 1904 Japanese torpedo attack on this Russian-controlled port before the formal
declaration of hostilities prefigured Pearl Harbor by 37 years. ____________________
20. The Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War on September 5,
1905, was negotiated by this American President. __________________________
21. Japanese women finally won the right to vote in this year. ___________
22. The ultimatum the Japanese presented to their ostensible World War I ally China in
1915, as European Great Powers were preoccupied with fighting on the other side of the
globe. _________________________
23. The number of Japanese soldiers sent to Manchuria and Siberia after the Bolshevik
Revolution in Russia. ____________________
24—25. The two nations most responsible for the rejection of the Japanese attempt to
include a clause recognizing racial equality in the covenant of the League of Nations.
____________________, ______________________.
26. The huge family-run conglomerates such as Mitsubishi and Mitsui that came to play
an
increasingly
important
___________________
economic
and
political
role
in
interwar
Japan.
27. The year in which all Japanese males of twenty-five years or older gained the right to
vote. ____________
28.
Some 100,000 Japanese died in the great Tokyo earthquake of this year.
__________
29. In 1924, this piece of American Congressional legislation effectively banned further
Japanese emigration to the United States. ____________________
30. He succeeded the Taisho emperor in 1926. __________________
31.
The assassination attempt on this liberal prime minister in 1930 signalled the
beginning of a more overt push by nationalists to seize control in Japan.
________________________________
32. The staged “Manchurian Incident” of 1931 served as pretense for the Japanese
military’s seizure of that Chinese province — despite protestations from some Japanese
politicians, it was now recognized as this “independent” state. __________________
CHAPTER 5: “AMERICA COMES OF AGE,” (pp.
133-167)
WORLD IN ARMS: TIME FRAME AD 1900-1925
1. The U.S. government reception center in New York Harbor through which threequarters
of
all
European
immigrants
entered
the
New
World.
____________________
2. Son of a Scottish weaver, he rose to dominate the American steel industry and
become one of the world’s richest men. _____________________
3. His novel The Jungle highlighted the lack of sanitation and terrible labor conditions
in the Chicago meatpacking industry and led to the passing of the Pure Food and
Drug Act. _______________________
4—5. The explosion of the battleship “Maine” in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898
became the immediate precipitating incident for war with this nation in 1898.
_________________ The war would only accentuate the legend of Teddy Roosevelt,
who resigned from the Navy Department to head up this volunteer cavalry regiment.
______________________
6—7. The completion of the Panama Canal in 1914 would link these two oceans.
______________; __________________
8—10.
Name three colonies the American gained as a result of war in 1898.
________________; __________________; ___________________
11. This American policy implied that the U.S. would help to protect Chinese sovereignty
but insisted that the United States must have access to the potentially lucrative
Chinese market. _______________________
12. Unsafe working conditions at this New York sweatshop led to 146 deaths in a 1911
fire. _____________________________________
13. In May 1917, Woodrow Wilson signed this legislation, establishing military
conscription. ___________________________
14. The centerpiece of Wilson’s vision for a post-WWI international peace was this new
organization. ________________________
15—16.
Two Italian immigrants accused of armed robbery and murder in 1920
Massachusetts at the time of the post-WWWI Red Scare, their case had been transformed
into an international cause celebre by the time of their execution in 1927.
________________________; ________________________________
17. He was elected President in 1920 using the campaign theme that it was time for
Americans to “return to normalcy.” ______________________
18. The New York center of intellectual and bohemian life in the “Roaring Twenties.”
__________________________
19. This 1920 amendment gave women the right to vote. _____________________
20. This 1925 trial tested the right of a Tennessee science teacher to teach the theory of
evolution and became, in broader terms, a symbolic debate about the benefits and
costs of modernity. __________________________
21. The illicit leasing of government-owned oil reserves at this Wyoming site became
only the most publicized of the political scandals of the early 1920s. ____________
______________
22. The most famous dance of the 1920s. ____________________
23. Thomas Edison and his partners tried to use this company, founded in 1909, to
monopolize American film production. ________________________________
24. The admission price gave the name to these early, silent-movie theaters.
_______________________
25—26. Their 1920 marriage became perhaps Hollywood’s first high-profile coupling.
____________________________; ____________________________
27.In 1922, this postmaster general was brought into Hollywood as the industry’s own
censor. ____________________
TRUE OR FALSE
28. The United States spent ten times more on World War I than it had on the Civil War.
_____
29. The United States ratified the Treaty of Versailles.
_____