Download Name: Date: Period: Chapter 5 Study Guide 1. After Lexington and

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Chapter 5 Study Guide
1. After Lexington and Concord:
A) independence immediately became an American war aim
B) Congress rejected the “Olive Branch Petition” that was an effort at reconciliation with
Britain
C) it took almost a year for independence to become a primary war aim
D) people immediately viewed independence as a war aim, but it took Congress over a
year to concur
2. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense is an important work because it:
A) helped Americans reconcile their differences with England
B) persuaded Americans that no reconciliation with Britain was possible
C) supported the concept of the English constitution
D) argued that Parliament, not the King, was the enemy
3. Historians have long debated whether the colonial motivations for the American Revolution
were:
A) economic or ideological
B) economic or religious
C) religious or military
D) based on disputes between slaveowners and non-slaveowners
4. The Declaration of Independence stated that governments were formed to:
A) give men an opportunity to exert power
B) reward loyal servants of the state
C) promote democracy
D) protect a person’s life, freedom, and right to pursue happiness
5. After the initial surge of patriotism, American troops:
A) came primarily from volunteers
B) immediately came under the control of the federal government
C) came from both conscription and payment of bounties
D) were primarily paid substitutes
6. Most American’s war materials came from:
A) American manufactures
B) the seizure of British forts and the surrender of British armies
C) the capture of supply ships by American privateers
D) foreign aid
7. Britain enjoyed all of the following advantages in the Revolution except:
A) the greatest navy and the best-equipped army in the world
B) superior industrial resources
C) greater commitment to the conflict
D) a coherent structure of command
8. The Articles of Confederation actually:
A) confirmed the weak, decentralized system of government already in operation
B) drew the stages together into a strong government
C) put power in the hands of the military
D) put power in the hands of the executive and his appointees
9. Congress financed the revolution by:
A) selling bonds
B) mining gold and silver coins
C) borrowing from other nations
D) taxing the wealthy
10. The choice of George Washington as commander in chief was a good one because of his:
A) knowledge of military affairs
B) image among the people, who trusted and respected him
C) successful military experience in the Great War for the empire
D) relaxed informal way with his men
11. After a year of war, the British realized:
A) they had a chance of success in the South where Tory support was stronger
B) the war had become more than just a local phenomenon around Boston
C) the American invasion of Canada had taken away a substantial amount of British
territory
D) that they could win the war by taking Boston
12. At the end of 1776 the American army under Washington had:
A) won no victories, major or minor
B) become badly divided and scattered
C) retreated into western Pennsylvania
D) won two major victories and remained intact
13. Which of the following was NOT part of the British strategy to cut the United States in two
in 1777?
A) To move forces up the Hudson from New York City
B) To prepare a two-pronged attack along the Mohawk and the upper Hudson
C) To capture Charleston
D) To bring an army down from Canada to meet the one coming up from New York
14. Jon Burgoyne’s surrender at Saratoga:
A) convinced the French that they should help the Americans
B) caused the British to consider giving up the fight
C) made George Washington a military hero
D) had little effect on the war in the long run
15. After 1777 the British decided to focus their efforts in the South because:
A) there was less population there
B) they believed there were more Loyalists there
C) they thought slaves would help them
D) they had more Indian allies there
16. The treason of Benedict Arnold:
A) shocked George Washington
B) came as no surprise since he was not highly regarded
C) led to the surrender of the fort at West Point
D) resulted in Arnold’s hanging
17. The British were forced to surrender at Yorktown because:
A) French troops and a French fleet helped trap the British
B) Washington was able to defeat the British in the field
C) Americans were finally better trained than the British
D) the British commander underestimated the size of Washington’s army
18. Even though the British wanted to end the war, the French were reluctant to negotiate
because:
A) they feared the Americans might take Canada
B) British agents were at work among the common folk of Paris
C) they were committed to staying in the war until Spain got Gibraltar
D) Spain was insisting on getting the Virgin Islands
19. Of all the Loyalists groups in America, the one which suffered most as a result of the
Revolution was:
A) western farmers
B) slaves
C) traders and trappers
D) Anglicans
20. Native Americans:
A) generally fought in the war on the side of the side of the British
B) generally fought in the war on the side of the Americans
C) generally stayed neutral in the war
D) saw their position improved by the results of the Revolution
21. White residents in South Carolina and Georgia were more restrained in their revolutionary
expressions than were counterparts in other colonies because they were:
A) primarily rice planters, unaffected by British restrictions
B) Anglican and loyal to the Church of England
C) fearful that talk of rebellion would inspire slaves to revolt
D) closely tied to families back in England
22. During the Revolution women took on new responsibilities. After the war:
A) things generally went back to the way they were before and few concrete reforms
occurred in the status of women
B) women were able to translate wartime gains into peacetime reforms
C) women were recognized and honored for their contributions with new careers
D) women got the right to vote in most northern colonies
23. In spite of rhetoric proclaiming “all men are created equal,” slavery survived in America for
nearly a century after the Revolution because whites:
A) harbored racist assumptions about the natural inferiority of blacks
B) never considered it immoral or wrong
C) feared free blacks would return to Africa
D) refused to consider plans to compensate slaveholders
24. If postwar Americans agreed on nothing else, they agreed that:
A) there should be no property qualifications to vote
B) states should have democratic governments
C) new governments should be republican
D) some men were born to govern and some were born to follow
25. Under the Articles of Confederation, the only institution of national authority was the:
A) Supreme Court
B) Congress
C) President of the United States
D) Senate
26. Many of the German Hessian soldiers hired by King George III to fight for the British
A) hated the American revolutionaries and their cause
B) helped draw in the Prussian King Frederick II as a British ally
C) were ineffective in battle against American militiamen
D) had little loyalty to the British cause and ended up deserting
27. The Battle of Saratoga was a key turning point of the War for Independence because
A) it prevented the British from keeping control of the key port of New York City
B) it brought about crucial French assistance to the Revolutionary cause
C) it ended the possibility of a peaceful settlement with Britain
D) it effectively destroyed British military power in the middle colonies
28. The primary French motive in aiding the American cause was
A) to weaken the British Empire
B) to promote republican government and the principles of the Declaration of
Independence
C) to test new forms of military weaponry and tactics
D) to gain the economic advantage of trade with the former British colonies
29. A problem with the Spanish entry into the American Revolution against Britain was that
Spain?:
A) entered as an ally of France rather than of the United States.
B) demanded that the United States surrender Georgia as a price for its help.
C) agreed to fight the British but only on the open seas.
D) said it would attack only the British colonies in South America.
30. Britain enjoyed all of the following advantages in the Revolution except?:
A) the greatest navy and best-equipped army in the world.
B) superior industrial resources.
C) greater commitment to the conflict.
D) a coherent structure of command.
31. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated?:
A) British recognition of American independence.
B) establishment of the boundaries of the new United States from the Atlantic Ocean to
the Mississippi River between the Great Lakes and Spanish Florida.
C) that Americans allow British collection of prewar debts from colonists.
D) all of these choices are correct.
32. One of the purposes for writing the Declaration of Independence was to?:
A) persuade the still undecided American populace to accept a permanent break with
Great Britain.
B) convince potential foreign allies of American determination to gain independence.
C) protect captured American soldiers from possible treatment as traitors.
D) rally all the states behind a common cause.
E) convince the British government to accept American independence.
33. The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be?:
A) former officers in the Continental army.
B) those who feared strong central government.
C) those who held U. S. government securities.
D) bankers, merchants, and financiers.
E) those who feared the dangers of unrestrained democracy.
34. A major weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that they?:
A) did not include a mechanism for their own amendment.
B) made it too difficult for the government to raise money through taxes and duties.
C) denied the federal government the power to mediate disputes between states.
D) required the ratification of only a simple majority of states.
E) created a too-powerful chief executive.
Preparations for War
Population
Manufacturing
Money
Army
Leaders
Geography
England
Approximately 12,000,000
Highly developed and flourishing
Richest country in the world
Large, well-trained army plus
mercenary Hessians
Many dedicated and able officers
Strange land with long distance to
base of supplies
Thirteen Colonies
Approximately 2,800,000
Practically none
No money to support the war
effort
All-volunteer forces – willing to
fight but poorly equipped
Few officers capable of leading
Familiar land with easy access to
limited amounts of supplies
35. Which conclusion about the American Revolutionary War is most clearly supported by
information in this chart?
A) England had few advantages in a war with her American colonies
B) the thirteen colonies had more advantages than disadvantages upon entering the war
C) England did not believe that the thirteen colonies were worth the expense of a war
D) the thirteen colonies had few, but important advantages in the war with England
36. Which important reason for the American victory in the Revolutionary War is missing from
the chart?
A) naval superiority of the thirteen colonies
B) aid from foreign nations
C) control of railroads and canals
D) greater number of Indian allies
37. One of the chief reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation was?:
A) their lack of an adequate mechanism for Congress to force states to comply with its
decisions.
B) their focus on the separation of powers within the federal branch of government.
C) their failure to adequately curb the powers of the executive branch of government.
D) their failure to provide women and free blacks with the right to vote.
38. The British yielded the Americans a generous peace treaty that included the western
territories primarily because of
A) the desire of the weak Whig ministry in London for friendly future relations with the
United States
B) the threat of further war with France
C) the military power of the United States
D) the willingness of the Americans to yield on other issues like trade and fishing rights
39. The Land Ordinances of 1785 and 1787, which created the Northwest Territory, also
A) all of the answers below
B) established a procedure for surveying and selling western lands
C) specified a process by which a territory could become a state once it had enough
population
D) abolished slavery in the territories north of the Ohio River
40. Shay’s Rebellion strengthened the movement to
A) produce a new, national constitution
B) increase duties on imported goods
C) suspend all property taxes
D) rejoin the Britain Empire
Identification
The body that chose George Washington commander of the
Continental Army
The British colony that Americans invaded in hopes of adding it to
the rebellious thirteen
The inflammatory pamphlet that demanded independence and
heaped scorn on “the Royal Brute of Great Britain”
The region that saw some of the Revolution’s most bitter fighting,
from 1780 to 1782, between American General Greene and British
General Cornwallis
The western boundary of the United States established in the
Treaty of Paris
Military engagement that led King George III officially to declare
the colonists in revolt
American naval commander who harassed British shipping
Shrewd American diplomat who established the French alliance
Fiery Virginian and author of the official resolution of July 2,
1776, formally authorizing the colonies’ independence