Download Re-Presenting the Past

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Anthro 214; AE 214; HA 214
Re-Presenting the Past:
Archaeology through Image and Text
Profs. Sheila Bonde (History of Art and Architecture)
and Stephen Houston (Anthropology)
W. 3:00- 5:20 PM214 S01
List Art Bldg. 220
Course wiki : http://proteus.brown.edu/representingthepast/home
Contact information
Prof. Bonde, [email protected]; (o) 401) 863-2600; office hours: Horace Mann
202, Mondays 2:30-3:00. (following open hours of 1-2:30)
Prof. Houston, [email protected]; (h) 401-270-6195 (preferred); office
hours: TTh 4:00 - 5:00, Giddings Rm. 109
Introduction
The archaeological past exists for us through intermediaries that vary widely in form and
nature. Some are written works, the stories or descriptions about what the past was like,
often to bold claims of truthfulness or validity (Hodder and Hutson 2003). Others are
visual, if frequently combined with writing. These consist of the drawings, paintings,
tables, “powerpoints,” tableaux, recreations, reconstructions or consolidations, plays,
operas, graphs, bar-charts, comics and caricature, photographs, videos, and computer
visualizations. Each displays a considered image of the past.
As tools, these devices allow scholar and general audience alike to access past forms of
human existence through graphic descriptions of artifacts, deposits, buildings. At a more
ambitious level, they do more. They purport to capture and revivify past realities through
“snapshots” or physical reconstructions of past ways of life. This seminar explores the
means and strategies by which the archaeological past comes to us. All periods, all areas
fall within the purview of this class, which looks in detail at the process by which
material culture is digested and re-presented.
Premises
(1) Representations of the archaeological past are examples of interpretation. They have
a history of past models, present motivation, and future objectives that permit a deeper
understanding of archaeology as an historical practice that changes over time. At all
levels, representation involves meaning and choice, some of which may not be clear to
those creating texts and images.
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(2) Some representations of the archaeological past are objectively and subjectively better
than others. There can be the possibility of improved representation that does not simply
adhere to the analytical preoccupations of any one generation of scholars.
The first point builds on the recent idea that representation in archaeology, either written
or graphic, is a matter of choice and thus inherently subject to the times in which they
exist (Moser 1998; Jameson et al. 2003; Smiles and Moser 2005). A representation will
accord with the background of the person creating that image, or the audience for which
the image was intended. In this respect, archaeology is a discipline that can be studied
much as Bruno Latour’s work on the conduct and practice of “hard science” (Latour
1987): much that appears to be “self-evident” or “logical” is not; his more recent
engagement with Actor-Network Theory suggests alternative ways of looking at
interactions between things, people, and their representations (e.g.,
http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/centres/css/ant/antres.htm). This movement has been
extended by a group out of Stanford under the rubric of “symmetrical archaeology.”
The second rests on the more-established premise that the craft of visual representation
deepens knowledge. Craft can be refined in archaeology with the goal of eliciting deeper
evidence from the material world, its textual accompaniments in historical settings, and
the interpretations taken from both. Ideally, the act of creating an image compels the eye
to become more exact and the brain to develop more attention to unremarked detail. They
sharpen powers of observation. Visualizations should not only change – the historical
postulate of point #1 – they should get better, as implied in point #2. According to
Edward Tufte (1990, 1997, 2001, 2003, http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/), this is how
clarity triumphs over obscurantism and falsity.
Background
The subject of visual representation is rich, although with a history that varies greatly by
region or specialty. Prominent archaeologists with training in drafting were among the
first to explore the subject, as in Stuart Piggott’s Antiquity Depicted (1978), who drew on
the inspiration of Heywood Sumner’s Ancient Earthworks of Cranborne Chase (Cunliffe
1985; Sumner 1988). The nature of reconstruction as a means of displaying buildings
goes back even further, to the interventions of Viollet-le-Duc (Murphy 2000) and, earlier
still, to engravings by Giovanni Piranesi. Textbooks of archaeological and forensic
illustration are themselves charged with unwitting cultural and historical statements
(Addington 1986; Adkins and Adkins 1989; Di Grazia 1991; Dillon 1985; Steiner 2005;
Taylor 2000). Such images arise in part from contact with other modes of scientific
illustration, which grapple with similar problems of aesthetics, clarity, and claims to
veracity (Baigrie 1997; Blumenfeld-Kosinski 1990; Cazort et al. 1997; Dickenson 1992;
Lynch and Woolgar 1990; Roberts and Tomlinson 1992).
The physical reproduction of the past at places like Williamsburg and, in Europe,
“Heritage sites,” involves decisions of comparable complexity (Handler and Gable 1997;
Lowenthal 1996). Images of hominin evolution are among the most thoroughly
canvassed, often from a feminist perspective, for what they reveal of attitudes about past
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and modern humans (Moser 1998; Wiber 1997). Finally, each region has its own,
growing literature on archaeological representation, but, as yet, with relatively little,
mutual contact (Baudez 1993). The sole exceptions are two, recent edited volumes. One
is on archaeology and the humanities, with essays that span a far broader reach than
visual representation (Jameson et al. 2003). The other is pioneering, but heavily focused
on Europe and, in particular, the United Kingdom (Smiles and Moser 2005). Much
remains to be done. This seminar will result in a series of essays, prepared by students,
on aspects of representation. These will be posted on the web-site of the Institute for
Archaeology and the Ancient World.
Research Questions
-- What are the goals of representation in archaeology?
-- How can representation sharpen or obscure understanding of the past?
-- Is there a recoverable past or simply practices that relate “actualistic” objects to
evolving (re)presentation?
-- What is the history of such representation in a particular area?
-- How does this kind of representation relate to photography and its choices?
-- How does representation relate to the history of scientific illustration in general? To
the tension between aesthetics and clarity of information?
-- Do scale and material affect representation?
-- What are the ethics of representation?
-- Is “precision” a cultural construct?
-- How are decisions made about what to emphasize, what not to accent?
-- What is the relation of image to text, and vice versa?
-- What role do color and other sensory attributes have in representation?
-- What human relations (social, religious, gender-based) are stressed in representation?
-- What is the future of representation in archaeology?
In addition, the seminar will be strengthened by a conference on the subject of graphic
representation. This will be international in scope, drawing on specialists in many parts of
the world. They, too, will be asked to address the questions posed above. A few visitors,
particularly those living in the Northeast, will be invited to return to the seminar for
further presentation and discussion.
Requirements
 Work 1: “Collaborative presentations” (two joint-presenters, on topics to be
arranged by instructors; presenters will pick brief paper or relevant work for
distribution week before class) – schedule: throughout term
 Work 2: “Under-study” of topics at symposium, research on particular speaker
and topic – Schedule: Due March 21
 Work 3: Term paper regarding one tradition/region of representation; or a
project of representation (1 per student) – schedule: See below
 Class participation and evidence that readings have been perused!
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Schedule for Work 3, term paper or representation project:
Topic: Feb. 14th
Outline and bibliography: March 14th
Final draft: April 11th
Final version with Presentation: April 25th
Required and Collected readings:
Available on course wiki: http://proteus.brown.edu/representingthepast/home
For reasons of copyright, readings will require a password in a “closed” forum,
http://proteus.brown.edu/representingthepast2/home, with a password of “repast.”
Readings are divided into two parts, a primary section of mandatory readings and a
secondary section of background, voluntary readings for those wishing to explore a
subject in greater depth for a paper or presentation. A fuller bibliography may be found at
the end of this syllabus.
n.b.: The instructors reserve the right to continue tinkering with the list of readings and
topics throughout the semester!
Web-links (FYI)
http://www.adgame-wonderland.de/type/bayeux.php: story creation based on Bayeux
http://anthropologylabs.umn.edu/html/vr_presentations.html: work of visualization lab at
Minnesota
http://www.archatlas.dept.shef.ac.uk/: a Sheffield web-site on imaging of large-scale
archaeological processes
http://www.archaeology.org/online/reviews/apocalypto.html: Mayanist reaction to
Apocalypto by M. Gibson; see response in
http://www.beyondchron.org/articles/Reassessing_Mel_Gibson_s_Apocalyto_4074.html
http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~sxi/papers/vast01.pdf: experiments in virtual reality for
archaeologists
http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue9/archeoguide/: accessing sites with computer
augmentation.
http://archive.cyark.org/map/Tikal: a foundation concerned with archeological imaging
http://www.arius3d.com/: 3D-scanning, with archaeological applications
http://atl.ndsu.edu/projects/: visualization lab at North Dakota State
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http://www.cast.uark.edu/re_search.htm: U of Arkansas visualization lab; note
Swartkrans and historical preservation models
http://www.cbc.yale.edu/courseware/swingarchaeo.html: example of archaeo-simulation
with parametric constraints
http://www.cvrlab.org: UCLA virtual reality lab, with stunning views of Rome
http://www.elsewhere.org/pomo: mortifying machine for generating archaeo-prose!
http://www.famsi.org/reports/03029/index.html: report on the gendered practice of
archaeological representation, seen through case-study
http://www.famsi.org/research/piedras_negras/pn_project/piedras_negras.htm:
incorporates video footage on-line
http://formaurbis.stanford.edu: formidable project devoted to the Severan marble plan of
Rome
http://graphics.cs.brown.edu/research/sciviz/archaeology/archave/index.html: Brown’s
own archaeo-visualization project; see written discussions,
http://graphics.cs.brown.edu/research/sciviz/archaeology/archave/Scientific_Archaeology
.pdf, http://graphics.cs.brown.edu/research/sciviz/archaeology/archave/viz2000.pdf,
http://graphics.cs.brown.edu/research/sciviz/archaeology/archave/viz2001.pdf.
http://www.iath.virginia.edu/images/pdfs/SantaMariaPrrojAdobe.pdf: virtual reality and
ancient Rome
http://www.icomos.org/docs/venice_charter.html: the Venice accords on preservation,
conservation, etc.
http://infiltration.org: where we are not supposed to go!
http://www.itabc.cnr.it/f_tutto.htm: Italian team for the application of technology to
cultural treasures (beni culturali)
http://www.kvl.cch.kcl.ac.uk/index.html: University of London visualization lab
http://www.learningsites.com/: nearby company specializing in visualizations of the
past; see also http://www.vizin.org/
http://www.simit.it : lab that supplies modeling programs for 3-D imaging
http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/.: high-quality digital interface, Egyptological
mapping; see also http://www.designinteract.com/features/tmp/
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http://traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455/Symmetry/817: essay from Chris Witmore on
relation of things to people
http://traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455/35/Home: essay on mediation with Mesoamerican
site of Teotihuacan, also from Stanford group; see
http://humanitieslab.stanford.edu/Metamedia/Home
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/holtorf/0.1.html: hypertext publication on “living
history” of megaliths; see also
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/holtorf/Paperless_Thesis.pdf
http://www.uc.edu/news/NR.asp?id=3757: University of Cincinnati imaging team; see
also http://www.cerhas.uc.edu/ also http://earthworks.uc.edu/symposium/topics.htm;
related conference at http://www.bath.ac.uk/holburne/symposium/ruins.html
http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/information/article.html: technology of visual
refinement for ancient texts; see also: http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/ptm/se.html
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/ancientfilmCC304/: website for course on “accuracy” of
films about the ancient world
http://www.vroom.org.au/index.asp: Australian initiative for visualization
http://polo.services.brown.edu:8080/exist/monarch/index.html:
http://www.wesleyan.edu/monarch/: web-publications by Sheila Bonde and Clark Maines
on Saint-Jean-des-Vignes archaeology, text and architecture
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Schedule of Class Meetings and Reading Assignments:
Jan. 24: Introduction and Orientation
Jan. 31: Object-ivity, Subject-ivity, Aesthetics, Precision, Things,
Interpretation
Work 1 (case studies):
-- evaluate Ian Hodder’s Leopard’s Tale as work of interpretation
(http://www.catalhoyuk.com/ (could be compared briefly) Balter, M. (2005) The Goddess
and the Bull: Catalhoyuk: An Archaeological Journey to the Dawn of Civilization, Free
Press. http://www.michaelbalter.com)
-- evaluate new understandings of objects and subjects in archaeology (see
http://traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455/Symmetry/817; biblio in
http://traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455/Symmetry/26)
Readings (Primary):
Daston, Lorraine, and Peter Galison.
1992. “The Image of Objectivity.” Representations 40:81-128.
Hodder, Ian.
1998. “Always Momentary, Fluid and Flexible’: Towards a Reflexive Excavation
Methodology. Antiquity 71:691-700.
Latour, Bruno. (http://www.bruno-latour.fr/articles/article/063.html, also:
http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/latour/latouron.html)
1996. “On Interobjectivity.” Mind, Culture, and Activity.
Piggott, Stuart
1978 Antiquity Depicted: Aspects of Archaeological Illustration. London: Thames and
Hudson. (short!)
Wise, M. Norton, ed.
1995 Excerpts by editor from The Values of Precision. Princeton: Princeton University
Press.
Witmore, Christopher
2004. “On Multiple Fields, Between the Material World and Media: Two
Cases from the Peloponnesus, Greece.” Archaeological Dialogues 11(2):133–164.
Readings (Secondary):
Ankersmit, F. R.
2001. Historical Representation. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
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Banks, Marcus, and Howard Morphy, eds.
1997. Rethinking Visual Anthropology. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Crosby, Alfred W.
1997. The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250-1600.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gamble, Clive.
1992 “Reflections from a Darkened Room.” Antiquity 66:26-31.
Ginzburg, Carlo.
1989. “Montrer et citer.” Le Débat 56:43-54.
Hacking, Ian.
1983. Representing and Intervening. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hall, S., ed.
1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London:
Sage.
Hennion, Antoine, and Bruno Latour.
1993. “Object d’art, object de science. Note sure les limites de l’anti-fétichisme.”
Sociologie de l’art 6:7-24.
Hodder, Ian, Michael Shanks, Alexandra Alexandri, Victor Buchli, John Carman,
Jonathan Last and Gavin Lucas, eds.,
1995. Interpreting Archaeology: Finding Meaning in the Past, London: Routledge,
introduction and part 1.
Lucas, G.M.L. (ed.)
2001. Critical Approaches to Fieldwork: Contemporary and Historical Archaeological
Practise. London: Routledge
Lynch, Michael, and Steve Woolgar, eds.
1990. Representation in Scientific Practice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Molyneux, B. L., ed.
1997. The Cultural Life of Images: Visual Representation in Archaeology. London:
Routledge, introduction.
Smiles, Sam, and Stephanie Moser, eds.
2005. Envisioning the Past: Archaeology and the Image. Oxford: Blackwell.
Tufte, Edward R.
1997. Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative. Cheshire:
Graphics Press.
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2001. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire: Graphics Press.
Willats, J.
1997. Art and Representation: New Principles in the Analysis of Pictures. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
Feb. 7: Writing Archaeology: The Monograph, Article,Web-“publication,”
Biography/Autobiography
Work 1 (case study):
-- pick four archaeological monographs, contrast/evaluate as cultural and
historical constructions
-- select three autobiographies/biographies in archaeology, evaluate
Readings (Primary):
Joyce, Rosemary.
2002 Chaps 1 and 6 in The Languages of Archaeology. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hodder, Ian.
1989. “Writing Archaeology Site Reports in Context.” Antiquity 63:268-274.
1994. “The Narrative and Rhetoric of Material Culture Sequences.” World Archaeology
25(2):268-282.
Pluciennek, Mike.
1999. Archaeological Narratives and Other Ways of Telling. Current Anthropology
40(5):653-678.
Readings (Secondary):
Baudez, Claude François.
1993. Jean-Frédéric Waldeck, peintre: le premier explorateur des ruines mayas. Paris:
Editions Hazan.
Coe, Michael D.
2006. Final Report: An Archaeologist Excavates his Past. London: Thames and
Hudson.
Daniel, Glyn.
1986. Some Small Harvest: The Memoirs of. Glyn Daniel. London: Thames and
Hudson.
Desmond, Lawrence G., and P. M. Messenger.
1988 A Dream of Maya: Augustus and Alice Le Plongeon in Nineteenth-Century
Yucatan. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
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Drower, Margaret S.
1995. Flinders Petrie: A Life in Archaeology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Fagan, Brian.
2001. Grahame Clark: An Intellectual Biography of an Archaeologist. Boulder, CA:
Westview.
2006. Writing Archaeology: Telling Stories about the Past. Walnut Creek, CA: Left
Coast Press.
Hawkes, Jacquetta
1982. Adventurer in Archaeology: The Biography of Sir Mortimer Wheeler. New York:
St. Martin’s Press.
Jennings, Jesse D.
1994. Accidental Archaeologist: Memoirs of Jesse D. Jennings. Salt Lake City:
University of Utah Press.
Feb. 14: Representing People and the Ethics of Representation:
Nationalisms, Ethnicities, Points of View
*Topic for Work 3 Due*
Work 1 (case studies):
-- pick a tradition or focus in archaeology: explore over time how people are represented
-- pick a country or group from the past, explore over time how depicted
Readings (Primary):
Ardren, Traci
2006. “Mending the Past: Ix Chel and the Invention of a Modern Pop Goddess.”
Antiquity 80:25-37.
Berman, Judith C.
1999. “Bad Hair Days in the Paleolithic: Modern (Re)Constructions of the Cave Man.”
American Anthropologist 101(2):288-304.
Deitler, Michael.
1994 "Our Ancestors the Gauls": Archaeology, Ethnic Nationalism, and the
Manipulation of Celtic Identity in Modern Europe. American Anthropologist
96(3):584-605.
McDavid, C.
2002. “Archaeology that Hurts: Descendents that Matter: A Pragmatic Approach
to Collaboration in the Public Interpretation of African-American archaeology,”
World Archaeology 34(2):303-14.
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Pratt, Stephanie.
2005 “The American Time Machine: Indians and the Visualization
of Ancient Europe” in Smiles, Sam, and Stephanie Moser, eds.
Envisioning the Past: Archaeology and the Image. Oxford: Blackwell.
Readings (Secondary):
Bohrer, Frederick N.
2003. Orientalism and Visual Culture: Imagining Mesopotamia in Nineteenth-Century
Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cowling, Mary.
1989. The Artist as Anthropologist: The Representation of Type and Character in
Victorian Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Diaz-Andreu, Marguerita and Timothy Champion, eds.,
1996. Nationalism and archaeology in Europe, Boulder, Colo: Westview Press,
introduction and chap. 4.
Dickenson, Victoria.
1998. Drawn from Life: Science and Art in the Portrayal of the New World. Toronto:
University of Toronto Press.
Elsner, Jas.
2005. Roman Eyes: Visuality and Subjectivity in Art and Text. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
Jahoda, G.
1989. Images of Savages: Ancient Roots of Modern Prejudice in Western Culture.
London: Routledge.
Moser, Stephanie.
1996. “Visual Representation in Archaeology,” chap. 6 in Baigrie, Brian, ed.
Picturing Knowledge: Historical and Philosophical Problems Concerning the
Use of Art in Science. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1998. Ancestral Images: The Iconography of Human Origins. Phoenix Mill: Sutton.
Mark P. Leone, et al.,
1995. “Can an African-American historical archaeology be an alternative
voice?” chap. 14 in Hodder, Ian, Michael Shanks, Alexandra Alexandri, Victor
Buchli, John Carman, Jonathan Last and Gavin Lucas, eds.,
Interpreting Archaeology: Finding Meaning in the Past, London: Routledge.
Privateer, Paul, “Romancing the Human,” chap. 1 in Smiles, Sam, and Stephanie Moser,
eds.
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2005. Envisioning the Past: Archaeology and the Image. Oxford: Blackwell.
Smiles, Sam
1994. The Image of Antiquity: Ancient Britain and the Romantic Imagination.
New Haven: Yale University Press.
Feb. 21: Mapping Archaeology: Recording Sites and the Landscape
Work 1 (Case Studies):
-- pick 1 site, evaluate how mapped, understood over time
-- pick one region, evaluate how mapped, understood over time
Readings (Primary):
Bradley, Richard.
1997. “To See is to have Seen”: Craft Traditions in British Field Archaeology. In B. L.
Molyneaux, ed., The Cultural Life of Images: Visual Representation in
Archaeology, 62-71. London: Routledge.
Fowler, Peter
1995. “Writing the Countryside,” chap. 13 in Hodder, Ian, Michael Shanks,
Alexandra Alexandri, Victor Buchli, John Carman, Jonathan Last and Gavin
Lucas, eds., Interpreting Archaeology: Finding Meaning in the Past, London:
Routledge.
Lazzari, M.
2003. “Archaeological Visions: Gender, Landscape, and Optic Knowledge.” Journal of
Social Archaeology 3(2):194-222.
Mundy, Barbara E.
1996. Excerpts from The Mapping of New Spain: Indigenous Cartography and the
Maps of the Relaciones Geográficas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Romano, David G., N. Stapp, and M. Davison
2006 “Mapping Augustun Rome: Towards the Digital Successor.” In Haselberger,
Lothar, and John Humphrey (eds.) Imaging Ancient Rome: Documentation—
Visualization—Imagination. Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary
Series No. 61:271-282.
Readings (Secondary):
Ambroziak, Brian M., and Jeffrey R. Ambroziak.
1999. Infinite Perspectives: Two Thousand Years of Three-Dimensional Mapmaking.
Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press.
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Black, Jeremy.
1997. Maps and History: Constructing Images of the Past. New Haven: Yale
University Press.
Bosselmann, P.
1998. Representations of Places: Reality and Realism in City Design. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Cosgrove, Denis, and Stephen Daniels, eds.
1988. The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design,
and Use of Past Environments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Feb. 28: Photography: Fixed and Streamed Images
Work 1 (Case Studies):
-- pick and evaluate a tradition of photography in one region or one large site
-- evaluate the role and potential of video in a particular site, excavation, mapping project
Readings (Primary):
http://www.famsi.org/research/piedras_negras/pn_project/piedras_negras.htm
Bohrer, Frederick.
2005. “Photography and Archaeology,” in Smiles, Sam, and Stephanie Moser, eds.
Envisioning the Past: Archaeology and the Image. Oxford: Blackwell.
Clarkson, Persis B.
1998. “Archaeological Imaginings: Contextualization of Images,” in David S.
Whitely, ed., Reader in Archaeological Theory: Post-processual and
Cognitive Approaches, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 119-132.
Dorrell, P.
1994. Excerpts from Photography in Archaeology and Conservation. 2nd ed.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shanks, Michael.
1997 “Photography and Archaeology,” chap. 5 in Molyneux, B. L., ed.
The Cultural Life of Images: Visual Representation in Archaeology. London:
Routledge.
Readings (Secondary):
Bourdieu, Pierre
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1990. Photography: A Middle-Brow Art. Cambridge: Polity Press
Mar. 7: Representing Objects and Buildings
Work 1 (Case Studies):
-- pick and evaluate the representation of a category of artifact (by archaeologists or
anciently)
-- pick and evaluate the representation of a building or set of buildings (by archaeologists
or anciently)
Readings (Primary):
http://polo.services.brown.edu:8080/exist/monarch/index.html:
http://www.wesleyan.edu/monarch/
Arnold, Dana, “Unlearning the Images of Archaeology,” chap. 5 in Smiles, Sam, and
Stephanie Moser, eds.
2005. Envisioning the Past: Archaeology and the Image. Oxford: Blackwell.
Dixon, Susan M.
2005 “Illustrating Ancient Rome” in Smiles, Sam, and Stephanie Moser, eds.
Envisioning the Past: Archaeology and the Image. Oxford: Blackwell.
Houston, Stephen D.
1998. “Classic Maya Depictions of the Built Environment.” In Function and Meaning in
Classic Maya Architecture, ed. S. Houston, pp. 333-372. Washington, DC:
Dumbarton Oaks.
Millette, D.
1998. “Textual Imaginations: Vitruvius in Archaeological [Re]constructions.
www.shef.ac.uk/assem/3/3millete.htm
Readings (Secondary):
Adkins, Lesley, and Roy Adkins.
1989. Archaeological Illustration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gibson, Sheila
1991 Architecture and Archaeology: The Work of Sheila Gibson. Rome: British School
at Rome.
Haselberger, Lothar and John Humphrey, eds.,
2006. Imagining Ancient Rome: Documentation, Visualization, Imagination,
Journal of Roman Archaeology, suppl. series # 61, Portsmouth, RI.
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Novitski, G. J.
1998. Rendering Real and Imagined Buildings: The Art of Computer Modeling from the
Palace of Kublai Khan to Le Corbusier’s Villas. Gloucester, MA: Rockport.
Rodwell, Warwick,
1981. The Archaeology of the English Church. London: Batsford, esp. chap. 6.
Mar. 14: Workshop Class
*Outline and Bibliography Due for Work 3*
March 16th -17th Conference: Re-Presenting the Past: Archaeology through Image
and Text, Organizers: Sheila Bonde and Stephen Houston
Mar. 21: Critical Discussion of Conference
*Work 2 Due*
Mar. 28: Spring Recess
Apr. 4: Virtual Realities, Avatars, Simulation
Work 1 (Case Studies):
-- evaluate a work of “predictive” simulation
-- evaluate an example of VR in archaeology
Readings (primary):
Favro, Diane
2006 “In the Eyes of the Beholder: Virtual Reality Re-Creations and Academia.”
Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series 61:321-334.
Gillings, Mark.
2005. “The Real, the Virtually Real and the Hyperreal: the Role of VR in
Archaeology,” chap. 12 in Smiles, Sam, and Stephanie Moser, eds.
Envisioning the Past: Archaeology and the Image. Oxford: Blackwell.
Horsfeld, Peter
The ethics of virtual reality: the digital and its predecessors.
http://www.wacc.org.uk/wacc/publications/media_development/2003_2/the_ethics_of_vi
rtual_reality_the_digital_and_its_predecessors
Kohler, Timothy A. Kohler, George J. Gumerman,
and Robert G. Reynolds.
2005 “Simulating Ancient Societies.” Scientific American 76-84.
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http://www.wsu.edu/~village/Kohler%20et%20al%5B1%5D.%20SciAm.pdf
Kenderdine, Sarah.
2004. Avatars at the Flying Palace Stereographic panoramas of Angkor Cambodia.
ICHIM Berlin.
Readings (Secondary):
http://www.asu.edu/clas/shesc/projects/medland/files/allen2006_saa.pdf;
http://www.asu.edu/clas/shesc/projects/medland/files/Mayer_etal2006%20ASU.pdf;
http://www.asu.edu/clas/shesc/projects/medland/files/barton&sargoughian2005a.pdf ,
http://www.wsu.edu/~village/FrontPage/Assets/SAA05.pdf,
http://www.wsu.edu/~village/Johnson%20et%20al.%20AA%202005.pdf
Bárcelo, J., M. Forte, and D. Sanders, eds.
2000. Virtual Reality in Archaeology. Oxford: BAR International Series.
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2000 “Immediate Realities: An Anthropology of Computer Visualization in
Archaeology.” Internet Archaeology 8.
http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue8/bateman_index.html.
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2005. Nonlinear Models for Archaeology and Anthropology: Continuing the
Revolution. Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate Press.
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2003. Virtual Art: From Illusion to Immersion. Cambridge: MIT Press.
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1998. “Romancing the Stones: Towards a Virtual and Elemental Avebury.”
Archaeological Dialogues 5:143-164.
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3(1).
Apr. 11: Pastland at Museums and Sites: Archaeology as Tourism and Theme Park;
Hollywood and the Past
*Final Draft Due, Work 3*
17
Work 1 (Case Studies):
-- evaluate the display of the past in a museum
-- evaluate an example of consolidation/reconstruction on-site
Readings (Primary):
http://www.archaeology.org/online/reviews/apocalypto.html
http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue9/archeoguide/
Holtorf, Cornelius.
2005. Excerpts from From Stonehenge to Las Vegas. Archaeology as Popular Culture.
Walnut Creek: Altamira Press
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2002 Negative Heritage and Past Mastering in Archaeology. Anthropological
Quarterly 75(3):557-574.
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2006. Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at the British Museum. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
Piccini, Angela.
1996 “Filming Through the Mists of Time: Celtic Constructions and the Documentary
Angela Piccini.” Current Anthropology 37(1), Supplement: Special Issue: S87S111.
Readings (Secondary):
Murphy, Kevin D.
2000. Memory and Modernity: Viollet-le-Duc at Vézelay. State College: Pennsylvania
State University Press.
Handler, Richard, and Eric Gable.
1997. The New History in an Old Museum: Creating the Past at Colonial Williamsburg.
Durham: Duke University Press.
Jameson, John H. ed.
2004. The Reconstructed Past: Reconstructions in the Public Interpretation of
Archaeology and History. Walnut Creek: Altamira.
Lowenthal, David.
1996. Possessed by the Past: The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History. New
York: Free Press.
Phillips, James E.
18
2005
“To Make the Dry Bones Live,” chap. 4 in Smiles, Sam, and Stephanie Moser,
eds. Envisioning the Past: Archaeology and the Image. Oxford: Blackwell.
Russell, Lynnette.
1997 “Focusing on the Past: Visual and Textual images of Aboriginal Australia in
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Representation in Archaeology. London: Routledge.
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2001. The Ancient World in the Cinema. Rev. ed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Weeks, Jim.
2003. Gettysburg: Memory, Market, and an American Shrine. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
Wyke, Maria.
1997. Projecting the Past: Ancient Rome, Cinema, and History. London: Routledge.
Apr. 18: Preparation for Student Conference (fieldtrip to Plimouth Plantation)
Apr. 25: Student Conference and Conclusions
*Final Version of Work 3 Due*
19
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