Download What are Blood Types

Biology 40S – Les 6
Name
Blood Types
________: Protein on the surface of cells. (in blood, Allele A makes A antigen. Allele B makes B antigen.
Allele O makes no antigens.)
_______: Protein in plasma that reacts with specific antigens that enter the blood (usually something that
isn't supposed to be there!). (Ex.: Anti-A is an antibody that recognizes A-antigen, binds to it (lock &
key), then causes clumping together or clotting of similar A-antigens.)
These are often depicted Y-shaped.
______________________: clumping of blood cells
__________________: type of gene present (or _________)
________________: the expression of the gene we observe
Everybody has a blood type.
There are several classifications possible.
The most common blood type classification system is the ABO system discovered by Karl Landsteiner in
the early 1900s.
There is also the Rh (Rhesus factor) as well, especially important for childbirth.
There are four types of blood in the _____________: A, B, AB, and O.
There are two types of blood in the ________________: Rh+ and RhYour blood type is established before you are born, by specific genes inherited from your parents. You
receive one gene from your mother and one from your father; these two combine to establish your blood
type. These genes can appear in different versions or _________.
There are _____ alleles of the blood type gene: A, B, and O.
These two genes determine your blood type by causing proteins called ANTIGENS to exist on the
surface of all of your red blood cells.
Since everybody has two copies of these genes, there are _____ possible combinations; AA, BB, OO,
AB, AO, and BO. In genetic terms, these combinations are called _________, and they describe the genes
you got from your ____________.
In addition to the proteins (antigens) existing on
your red blood cells, other genes make proteins
called ___________ that circulate in your blood
plasma.
Antibodies are responsible for ensuring that
only the blood cells of your blood type exist in
your body. They attack and stick foreign red
blood cells together—this clumping is called
_________________.
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Biology 40S – Les 6
Name
SPECIFICS of GENES
The antigen produced by the O allele has no special ___________ activities.
However, the antigens produced by the A and B alleles do have enzymatic __________, which are
different from each other.
Type
PHENOTYPE
Type O blood both alleles are
Type A blood alleles both
, or
and
Type B blood alleles both
, or
and
Type AB
allele
and allele
phenotypes
GENOTYPE
____________
____________
____________
____________
genotypes
People with Type A blood have Antibody-B (________) in their blood plasma. Anti-B helps the body
destroy any type B blood cells that might enter the circulation system.
Likewise, people with the BB and the BO genotypes are said to have type B blood. These people have
antibody-A (______) in their blood plasma. Anti-A helps the body destroy any type A blood cells that
might enter the circulation system.
People who have the AB genotype have the enzyme activity associated with both the A and B alleles.
These people have ___ anti-A ___ anti-B in their blood plasma.
SPECIFICS of TYPING BLOOD
The ABO blood typing is done by taking two drops of blood on two slides. ___________(antibody A) is
added to one slide. ___________ is added to the other slide. The antibodies will attack and agglutinate
blood cells that have the antigen-A and antigen-B present on their surfaces. THUS the antibodies are
used to type the same blood. Sometimes Rh is also tested using ______. If there is clumping with antiD the blood is _____. If there is no clumping, it is _____.
In the diagram on the right, what is the ABO blood type?
Sample Blood Type Problems Using Punnett
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Biology 40S – Les 6
Name
SUMMARY: Distribution and Characteristics of Human Blood Factors
Will Clot
Distribution in Antigen on Antibody in
Can
Blood
with Blood
North America Red Blood Serum
Receive
Type
From These
%
Cell
Plasma
From
Donors
Can Give to:
O
48
None
Anti-A,
Anti-B
A, B, AB
O
All
A
B
AB
42
A
Anti-B
B, AB
A&O
A & AB
7
B
Anti-A
A, AB
B&O
B & AB
2
A&B
None
None
All
AB
Type O Blood: _________________ as it contains no A or B
antigens, so the receivers' blood will not clot when given the O
blood.
Type AB Blood: ________________, as it contains no Anti-A
or Anti-B antibodies in its plasma. It can receive all blood
types.
http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/sci/soph/genetics/notes/bloodtype.htm
http://anthro.palomar.edu/vary/vary_3.htm global map distributions
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Biology 40S – Les 6
Name
BLOOD TYPING WORKSHEET
Directions: Given the alleles, genotypes and phenotypes for human blood typing ABO, solve the
following multiple allele problems. Other blood type systems are used in paternity cases and
crime scene analysis. The ABO is always the first to be performed. Probability is reduced from
there. Use your notes and text as needed.
1. What is the expected genotypic ratio among
children born to a mother having the genotype AO
and a father with the phenotype AB?
....____....____.....____....____
2. One parent has the blood type A, and the other
blood type B. What are the genotypes of the parents if
they produce children with only blood type AB?
....____....____....x....____....____
3. One parent has the blood type A, and the other
blood type B. What are the genotypes of the parents if
1/2 the offspring are AB and the other 1/2 A?
....____....____....x....____....____
4. One parent has the blood type A, and the other
blood type B. What are the genotypes of the parents if
1/2 of the offspring are blood type AB and the other
1/2 blood type B?
....____....____....x....____....____
5. One parent has the blood type A and the other
blood type B. What are the genotypes of the parents if
the offspring produce the following blood types...1/4
AB, 1/4 A, 1/4 B, and 1/4 O?
...____....____....x....____....____
6. From the following blood types, determine which baby belongs to which parents.
Baby 1 belongs to the _____________ Family ........ Baby 2 belongs to the ___________
Family
Mrs. Doe.............Type A
Mr. Doe .............Type A
Mrs. Jones ......... Type A
Mr. Jones .......... Type AB
Baby 1 ............. Type O
Baby 2 ............. Type B
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