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BLOOD TYPING
Antigens on the surface of red
blood cells help identify “self”
Antibodies in the blood bind with
foreign cells to stimulate immune
response of lymphocytes (white
blood cells). This results in
“clumping” of the blood.
Antigen choices are:
A
B
BLOOD TYPES
An A allele tells
the red blood cell to
put
“A” antigens
on its surface
BLOOD TYPES
An B allele tells
the red blood cell to
put
different “B”
antigens
on its surface
BLOOD TYPES
An O allele tells
the cell NOT to put
A or B
antigens
on its surface
A and B are CO-DOMINANT
A cell with BOTH
an A and a B allele
has BOTH
“A” and “B”
antigens on its
surface
- What would happen if someone with type B
blood got a transfusion of type A blood?
- What if that same person got type O?
- Type AB?
ANTI-A SERUM
Adding ANTI-A
antibodies to cells
with A glycoproteins
on their surface
causes them to
clump together
= ________________________
AGGLUTINATION
ANTI-A SERUM
Adding ANTI-A
antibodies to cells
with B glycoproteins
on their surface
causes NO REACTION
BLOOD TYPES
NO
YES
Will ANTI-A react?
NO
YES
BLOOD TYPES
NO
NO
Will ANTI-B react?
YES
YES
Blood Typing Example #1
• You mix some of Angelica’s blood with the
following serums:
– Anti-A serum
– Anti-B serum
• Angelica’s blood looks clumpy when mixed
with Anti-A serum, but not Anti-B. What is
her blood type?
Blood Typing Example #2
• You mix some of Michael’s blood with the
following serums:
– Anti-A serum
– Anti-B serum
• Michael’s blood does not look clumpy with
either Anti-A or Anti-B serums. What is his
blood type?
ABO SYSTEM is NOT
THE ONLY ONE
+
Rh
Rh
BLOOD TYPES
YES
Will ANTI-Rh react?
NO
Questions!
• A person who can donate to anyone is
known as a “universal donor.” What blood
type is this?
• A person who can receive blood from
anyone is the “universal recipient.” What
blood type is this?