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The Trojan War Homer's The Iliad Greek Culture around 1250 B.C. • City States had their own Kings (who were like governors). Some kings waged war with others to gain more land & power. • Kings could be good or bad people who may have had genuine concern for their citizens. . . Or not. • Women were often treated as property. • People lived off of the land. Metal work involved bronze. Iron came a bit later. Greek Values, Honor, & Culture: – Proving oneself on the battlefield: Dying in battle or killing others in battle. – Honoring the Gods with gifts/sacrifices. – Code of Hospitality. – Family (though affairs were common for the men and this was apparently fine). – Respect for elders, friends, history. – Patriotism. – Gifts and war prizes (including women and dead soldier's armor). – Peer Pressure. TROY (Ilium) = "Iliad" is the story of Ilium. How did the Trojan War begin? What reasons did the Achaeans have to attack Troy? Greek Motives for War: • Honor: All Kings swore an oath years before to respect Helen's marriage and defend it at any cost. When Paris took her, they were honor bound to go get her back. • Greed: Troy was a wealthy city and people from all over the known world used it as a trading port/post. A lot of money went through this city because of its location. Who Were The Trojans? Priam: King of Troy, father of Hector and Paris Hector: Son of Priam Andromache Hector's wife Paris Other Important Trojans • Briseis: A woman Achilles captured and took as • • • a prize, but for whom he has real affection. Agamemnon takes her from Achilles, starting the conflict in the Iliad. Cassandra: Priam and Hecuba's daughter who can foretell the future, but who no one ever listens to. Chryses: Apollo's priest who begins the action in book one of the Iliad. Hecuba: Queen of Troy, Priam's first wife. Caught in the Middle: Helen of Sparta/Troy • Perhaps Paris told her: Who Were the Greeks/Achaeans? King Agamemnon and his brother, Menelaus (Helen's husband). Both known as the "Son of Atreus" Achilles: Swift-footed, Son of Peleus "Crafty" Odysseus Other Important Achaeans: • Ajax and Ajax the lesser (brothers and great fighters). Ajax is huge and strong. • Calchas and Nestor: Old advisors to Agamemnon. • Patroclus: Achilles' best friend. • Phoenix: Achilles' old mentor. • Thetis: Achilles' mother, a water goddess.