Download Unit 14

Unit 15
Dictatorships and World War II Chapter 29
Due dates:
March 24
March 28
March 30
April 1
Questions 1-12, Read 953 to 964
Questions 13-22, Read 964 to 971
Questions 23-31, Read 971 to 984
Test on Unit 15
Learning Objectives
After reading and studying this chapter you should be able to:
1. describe "conservative" and "radical" (totalitarian) dictatorship and how they are similar and how they are
different.
2. explain how unsolved problems that lingered after the First World War helped ignite another worldwide
conflict.
3. compare and contrast political, social, and economic events in Mussolini's Italy, Stalin's USSR, and Hitler's
Germany.
4. analyze the political and economic reasons for the failure of parliamentary democracy in Germany after the
first World War.
5. account for the responses of the European democracies to the military aggression by Italy and Germany
during the 1930s.
5. discuss how the Allies were able to defeat Nazi Germany and the Axis powers in the Second World War.
Chapter Summary
The anxiety and crisis that followed the First World War contributed to the rise of powerful dictatorships
in parts of Europe, and, unfortunately, an even more horrible Second World War. Some of these dictatorships
were old-fashioned and conservative, but there were new totalitarian dictatorships as well, notably in Soviet
Russia and Nazi Germany. This chapter examines the different kinds of dictatorship in a general way and then
looks at Stalin's Russia and Hitler's Germany in detail. It goes on to describe the Second World War and why and
how the great coalition of the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States defeated Germany and its allies.
In Soviet Russia, Lenin relaxed rigid state controls in 1921 after the civil war in order to revive the
economy. After defeating Trotsky in a struggle for power, Stalin established a harsh totalitarian dictatorship,
which demanded great sacrifices from the people. Soviet Russia built up its industry while peasants lost their
land and a radically new socialist society came into being. Mussolini's government in Italy was much less radical
and totalitarian.
This chapter then examines Adolf Hitler and the totalitarian government of the Nazis in Germany. The
roots of Nazism are found in racism, extreme nationalism, and violent irrationality, all of which drove Hitler
relentlessly. Hitler was also a master politician, and this helped him gain power legally. His government was
popular, especially because it appeared to solve the economic problems of the Great Depression. Hitler also had
the support of many of the German people because of his success in foreign affairs. He used bullying and fears
of communism in Britain and France to rearm and expand, until finally war broke out over Poland in 1939. By
1942, Hitler and the Nazis had temporarily forged a great empire and were putting their anti-Jewish racism into
operation.
The Grand Alliance, consisting of the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States, was able to wage a
successful war against Hitler partly because it postponed political questions and adopted the principle of
unconditional surrender of Germany and Japan, and partly because of the great and heroic contributions of the
British and Soviet peoples and American resources. The beginning of the end for Germany came in 1942, when
its offensive into the Soviet Union was turned into a retreat, and the end became certain in 1944, when the
American and British forces began to push into Hitler's empire from the west.
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Read 953 to 964 – Authoritarian States and Stalin’s Soviet Union
1. Name the two types of dictatorships that spread across Europe in the 1920s and 1930s.
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2. Describe the main points or characteristics of conservative authoritarianism.
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What was the main factor that limited this type of government?
Where was it revived after World War I? WHY???
*Where*Why-(3answers)
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3. What is totalitarianism?
Who first used the term? Where did it develop first?
When?
Where did it reach maturity?
4. How did totalitarianism differ from authoritarianism, liberalism, and democracy?
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5. Describe the totalitarian society.
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6. What appear to be the common characteristics of Nazism?
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7. Identify Joseph Stalin and the Five Year Plans.
What were the purposes of the Five Years plans?
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8. Describe the Soviet Union in 1921.
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What was the New Economic Policy?
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Why did it work?
Compare Stalin and Trotsky.
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How did Stalin gain complete control from Trotsky from 1922 to 1927?
9. What were the objectives of the first Five Year Plan?
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What was Stalin's second revolution?
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Define collectivization and kulaks.
What were the results of forced collectivization?
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10. Describe the industrial side of the Five Year Plan.
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How successful was it?
11. Give the key points of life and culture under Stalin's government.
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How did Stalinism impact women?
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12. What was the Great Purge? Why did Stalin purge his party?
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Read Mussolini and Fascism in Italy, pages 964 to 966 AND Hitler and Nazism in Germany, pages 966 to 971
13. Describe Italy in the early 20th century.
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How did World War I worsen the political situation in Italy?
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14. Identify Mussolini and Black Shirts.
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In his rise to power, what did Mussolini promise his followers?
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What were his nationalist and socialist demands?
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15. Did Mussolini seize power seize power legally or illegally? _______________
What events led to Mussolini seizing power? Make sure to include the march on Rome and King Victor
Emmanuel III.
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16. Why was Mussolini able to seize power in Italy?
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What actions were taken by Mussolini after he seized power in 1922?
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What were his 13 syndicates?
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How did Mussolini manipulate electoral laws to gain control of parliament?
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Who was Giacomo Matteotti? What role did he play in Mussolini’s rise to power?
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What actions did Mussolini take after his murder?
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Why was Mussolini dictatorship never a complete totalitarian state?
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What was the Lateran Agreement of 1929?
17. Describe the role of women under Fascism.
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What were Mussolini’s racial policies?
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18. Identify Hitler. Include at least 5 facts from the textbook!
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How were his views developed?
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Identify Karl Lueger and the German Workers Party.
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19. How did Hitler come to power? Legally or illegally? ____________
What was the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch? Its outcome?
*Small Armed uprising in Munich by Hilter’s Nazi Party that failed!
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What was Mein Kampf? What were its basic themes?
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How did the Great Depression affect Germany and Hitler’s popularity?
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Describe Hitler’s economic program.
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What were his views on propaganda?
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What events (factors) led to Hitler’s appointment to chancellor?
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What were the Enabling Acts of March 23, 1933?
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What other actions were taken by Hitler’s Third Reich?
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20. What actions did Hitler take after 1/30/33? Be complete.
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How did Hitler gain control of the military?
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Identify SA and Gestapo.
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Describe the following actions Hitler took against Jews?
*Nuremberg Laws
*Kristallnacht.
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22. Give reasons for Hitler’s popularity.
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Read Nazi Expansion and the Second World War , pages 971 to 984
23. What actions did Hitler take in the period from 1933 to 1935. WHY? How did Europe react?
Date
Action
European Reaction if any
Oct 1933
July 1934
(p.973)
March 1935
24. What was the British policy of appeasement?
What was the importance of the Anglo-German naval treaty?
How did France and Britain react to the occupation of the Rhineland, March 1936?
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Give the reasons for British policy of appeasement.
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25. Describe military actions taken by Mussolini.
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26. Answer the following questions on European Events 1935 to 1939.
What was the Rome-Berlin Axis?
What were the events of the Spanish Civil War?
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What role did Germany and Italy play in the Spanish Civil War?
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Identify Francisco Franco.
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What were Hitler’s goals in 1935?
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Identify Neville Chamberlain. Why was he referred to as “gullible”?
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How did Hitler take Austria in March 1938?
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Why did Hitler demand Sudetenland? Where was Sudetenland?
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Why did it appear that war was inevitable over Sudetenland?
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What was the Munich conference of September 1938? What was “Peace with Honor”?
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What land did Hitler take in March 1939? Why was this different?
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How did Great Britain and France react to this aggression?
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Explain the details of the Nonaggression pact of August 1939.
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27. Take notes on Hitler’s expansion 1939 to 1942.
Define the following:
Blitzkrieg :
Phony War: October to April 1940 – no fighting except in Finland with USSR. Some actually thought all Hitler
wanted was Poland. Spring 1940 Germany attacked Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France
Dunkirk:
Petain:
Vichy France:
Winston Churchill:
Battle of Britain
Leningrad.
28. Give details of the steps taken by Japan from 1931 to 1941.
1931 (p. 973):
1937:
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July 1941
Dec. 7, 1941
29. Describe Hitler’s New Order. What was his hierarchy of racial imperialism?
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Identify Himmler and the Final Solution.
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30. What were the three main policies of the Grand Alliance? Explain each.
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What countries were part of the Grand Alliance? Who were their leaders?
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What was the purpose of the “unconditional surrender” policy?
31. Identify the following: Make sure to include of the importance of each.(X=nodate)
Date Importance in Study of World War II
Free France
X
Charles de Gaulle
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Battle of Stalingrad
Greater Asian
Co-prosperity Sphere
Battle of Coral Sea
X
Battle of Midway
“Island Hopping”
El Alamein
D-Day
Eisenhower
X
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
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