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CHAPTER 7 BACTERIA SECTION 2 BACTERIA IN YOUR LIFE BACTERIA THAT HELP YOU Some in digestive system Lots in your large intestine Help you stay healthy Some produce antibiotics BACTERIA AND THE ENVIRONMENT Some are consumer bacteria called saprophytes – eat dead things Help recycle nutrients Saprophytes are used in sewage treatment plants Plants and animals need nitrogen Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (n-fb) change nitrogen into form they can use Some plants have nodules that contain n-fb – peanuts, peas N-fb save farmers millions of dollars each year in fertilizer BIOREMEDIATION Using organisms to clean up environmental pollution (oil spills ) and break down waste BACTERIA AND FOOD Use bacteria for making food – yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, vinegar, pickles, etc. BACTERIA IN INDUSTRY Are grown in bioreactors Make medicines, enzymes, cleansers, and adhesives Break down plant and animal waste in landfills Bacteria produce large amounts of methane gas to produce fuel HARMFUL BACTERIA Some are pathogens that cause diseases like strep, tetanus, and whooping cough HOW PATHOGENS MAKE YOU SICK Can enter body through a cut Can inhale them They multiply in your body Produce poisonous toxins, such as botulism in food Some are protected in endospores and can be dormant for hundreds of years PASTEURIZATION Food needs to be pasteurized to kill bacteria Food heated to sterilizing temp. Ex. Milk and some juices TREATING BACTERIAL DISEASES Use antibiotics, such as penicillin Vaccines from bacteria cell walls can prevent some diseases Injected into the body