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Apuntes – Pronouns
Subject pronouns take the place of names in sentences. They are the actors, the ones that
“do” the verbs.
English
I
you (familiar)
he, she, it
you (formal)
we
you all (familiar)
they
you all (formal)
Spanish
yo
tú
el, ella
Ud.
nosotros, -as
vosotros
ellos, ellas
Uds.
Object pronouns also take the place of nouns. However, they are not the actors, but the
object of the verbs (recipients of the verbs action)
English
me
you
him, her, it
us
(you all)
them
English only has a single set of object pronouns. Spanish has several, two of which are
explained below:
I.
Direct Object Pronouns
Direct object pronouns (DOPs)
me
nos
te
os
lo, la
los, las
(English)
me
you
him, her, You
us
you all
them, You All
I see Enrique at 11:00 today.
Veo a Enrique a las once hoy.
I saw him yesterday, also.
Lo vi ayer, también.
Rules:
 DOPs replace direct objects in sentences (personal “a,” too!)
Direct object is the direct recipient of the action of the verb.
 DOPs agree with the nouns they replace.
Lo, la, los and las agree in number and gender.
These nouns could be people or things.
 DOPs are placed:
a. before the conjugated verb
b. after and attached to:
- an infinitive phrase (ir a + inf., tener que + inf. etc.)
- a present participle (estar + -ando, -iendo) Add an accent.
(-ándo___, -iéndo___)
Elena didn’t visit her grandmother this month. (grandmother = abuela)
Elena no visitó a su abuela este mes.
She usually visits her each week. (ususally = usualmente)
(Ella) usualmente la visita cada semana.
Do you have the passports?
Tienes los pasaportes?
No, I don’t have them.
No, no los tengo.
I saw you at the party.
Te vi a la fiesta.
Did you see me?
¿Me viste?
Did you see Juan?
¿Viste a Juan?
Did you see him?
¿Lo viste?
We saw María and Manuel.
Vimos a María y a Manuel.
They saw us.
(Ellos) Nos vieron.
I want to help you.
Te quiero ayudar. Or: Quiero ayudarte.
Dad is calling us now.
Papá nos está llamando ahora.
Or: Papá está llamándonos ahora
II. Indirect Object Pronouns
Mi hermana me dice todos sus secretos.
¿Dónde está Paquita? Necesito hablarle.
Pablo le va a dar su carro viejo a Lupe.
My sister tells me all her secrets.
Where is Paquita? I need to talk to her.
Pablo is going to give his old car to Lupe.
Indirect Object Pronouns (IDOPs)
me
nos
te
os
le
les
(English)
me
us
you
you all
him, her, You(Ud.)
them, You All
 IDOPs replace or complement the indirect object in a sentence (see IMPORTANT )
Indirect object is the indirect recipient of the verb’s action (can be preceded by to , for).
IDOPs agree with the nouns they replace.
“le” and “les” do not agree in gender with the nouns they replace
These nouns are usually people.
 IDOPs are places exactly like DOPs:
a. before the conjugated verb
b. after and attached to:
- an infinitive phrase (ir a + inf., tener que + inf. etc.)
- a present participle (estar + -ando, iendo) Add an accent.
 IMPORTANT: The IDOP is not dropped when the actual indirect object is added for
clarity. This is known as redundancy and is not common to English.
We gave them the ball.
Les dimos el balón.
We gave the players the ball.
OR: We gave the ball to the players. Les dimos el balón a los jugadores.
Are you going to give her flowers?
¿Le vas a dar las flores (a ella)?
Or: ¿Vas a darle las flores (a ella)?
Are you going to give your girlfriend flowers?
¿Le vas a dar las flores a tu novia?
Or: ¿Vas a darle las flores a tu novia?
WARNING: Some verbs include the prepositions to or for and will therefore take a
direct object pronoun.
He’s looking for her (his wife) ♀
Está buscándola.
Or: La está buscando.
She never listens to them. (her parents)♀♂ Nunca los escucha.
(her CDs?)♂
Buscar = look for, Escuchar = listen to, esperar = wait for, mirar = look at,
pedir = to ask for
Translate the following. Watch the tense. You will have to use DOPs and IDOPs.
Mandar = send
traer = bring
pagar = pay
dar = give
prestar = lend explicar = explain
I sent Enrique the letter.
___________________________________________________________________________________
He is bringing us the magazines.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Do you want to pay me the money?
____________________________________________________________________________________
I asked my parents for the car.
____________________________________________________________________________________
We’re looking for them (♂)
____________________________________________________________________________________
He doesn’t want to listen to it (♀).
____________________________________________________________________________________
Did she explain the notes to us?
____________________________________________________________________________________
We’re going to lend you (fam.) twenty dollars.
____________________________________________________________________________________
I gave them three pencils. _______________________________________________________________