Download Study Guide: Earth`s Layer, Pangaea, Plate Tectonics, Minerals and

Study Guide: Earth’s Layer, Pangaea, Plate Tectonics,
Minerals and Rocks with ANSWERS
1. What layer of the Earth is made of solid metal despite extreme heat?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Inner Core
D. Outer Core
2. What layer of the Earth is the thickest?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Inner Core
D. Outer Core
3. What layer of the Earth do we live on?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Inner Core
D. Outer Core
4. What layer of the Earth is made of liquid metal?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Inner Core
D. Outer Core
5. What layer of the Earth is made of mushy rock?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Inner Core
D. Outer Core
6. Label the Earth Layer diagram:
Word Bank: Inner Core, Crust, Mantle, Outer Core
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
7. The large super continent before continental drift occurred is called ___________.
A. Collection
B. Pangaea
C. Super Man
D. Continental Drift
8. What plate boundary causes continental drift?
A. Transform Boundary
B. Continental-Continental Convergent Boundary
C. Divergent Boundary
D. Oceanic-Continental Convergent Boundary
9. Name 4 pieces of evidence used to support the theory of Pangaea:
Geographic Boarders that “fit together”
Common Fossils
Common Rock Types
Plant Fossils that show common climate
10. Along which plate boundary is new crust formed?
A. Transform Boundary
B. Divergent Boundary
C. Oceanic-Continental Convergent D. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent
11. In plate tectonics, which plate subducts?
A. The more dense plate
B. The less dense plate
12. In transform boundaries, what causes seismic activity?
A. New Crust being formed B. Old crust turning into magma
C. Friction
D. People stomping their feet
13. In an oceanic-continental boundary, does the oceanic or the continental plate
sink/subduct?
A. Oceanic Plate
B. Continental Plate
14. Name the plate tectonic illustrations:
Word Bank: Continental-Continental Convergent, Divergent, Transform,
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent, Oceanic-Continental Convergent
15. Name 4 characteristics all minerals must have.
They are a solid
They Form in Nature
They have a defined chemical make-up
They have a definite crystal structure
16. Define:
A. Streak:
The powdered color of a mineral when it is scratched along a surface
B. Luster:
The way the surface of a mineral reflects light (metallic or non-metallic)
C. Cleavage:
The tendency of a mineral to break along clean, flat surfaces
D. Fracture:
The tendency of a mineral to break into jagged irregular pieces
E. Fluorescence:
Glow in UV light
17. Which is a more effective way of determining mineral color, streak or surface
color? Why?
Streak is the most effective because it is consistent. A mineral’s streak will
always be the same. Surface color can change as the result of defects or the
introduction of trace minerals.
18. The two types of luster are metallic and non-metallic.
19. Which mineral is the hardest?
A. Diamond – 10
B. Halite – 2.5
C. Olivine – 7
D. Fluorite - 4
20. Which mineral is the softest?
A. Diamond – 10
B. Halite – 2.5
C. Olivine – 7
D. Fluorite - 4
21. A mineral can be scratched by anything _________________________.\
A. Softer than itself
B. As hard or harder than itself
22. Name 3 characteristics all rocks have.
They are a solid
They are formed in nature
They usually contain one or more minerals
23. Define:
A. Igneous Rock:
Formed when molten rock cools and becomes a solid
B. Sedimentary Rock:
Forms when rock, sand, plants and other sediments layer and are cemented
together by pressure over time
C. Metamorphic Rock:
Rocks that form when heat and pressure are applied to an existing parent
rock, changing the rock’s form
24. An intrusive igneous rock ___________________________________________.
A. is formed from magma outside of the Earth.
B. is formed from magma inside of the Earth.
C. is formed from lava outside of the Earth.
D. is formed from lava inside of the Earth
25. An extrusive igneous rock ___________________________________________.
A. is formed from magma outside of the Earth.
B. is formed from magma inside of the Earth.
C. is formed from lava outside of the Earth.
D. is formed from lava inside of the Earth
26. Define:
A. Lava:
Molten rock on Earth’s surface
B. Magma:
Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface
C. Viscosity:
Resistance to flow (high viscosity = slow flow, low viscosity = fast flow)
27. Intrusive igneous rocks have ________________________________________.
A. Small crystals because of short cooling time
B. Small crystals because of long cooling time
C. Large crystals because of short cooling time
D. Large crystals because of long cooling time
28. Extrusive igneous rocks have ________________________________________.
A. small crystals because of short cooling time
B. small crystals because of long cooling time
C. large crystals because of short cooling time
D. large crystals because of long cooling time
29. Lava that is low in silica is _________________ in color and has _____________
viscosity.
A. light, low
B. light, high
C. dark, low
D. dark, high
30. Lava that is high in silica is ________________ in color and has _____________
viscosity.
A. light, low
B. light, high
C. dark, low
D. dark, high
31. Sedimentary rocks form when ________________________________.
A. Heat and pressure are applied to existing rock
B. Sediment layers over time and pressure compacts the layers into a single rock
C. Molten rock cools and becomes a solid
32. Which type of sedimentary rock contains sediment that was once alive (plant
parts, bones, etc.)?
A. Organic Sedimentary Rock
B. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
33. Which type of sedimentary rock does NOT contain sediment that was once alive?
A. Organic Sedimentary Rock
B. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
34. True or False: If when heat and pressure are applied to the parent rock it melts, it
becomes a metamorphic rock. If false, explain.
If the rock melts it becomes magma. A rock must be a solid regardless of type
35. True or False: As you get closer to the Earth’s inner core, heat and pressure
increase. If false, explain.
36. Define:
A. Foliation:
Parallel bands of minerals in metamorphic rocks
37. Foliation is the result of _______________________________.
A. Heat melting rock to magma
B. Sediment layering over time
C. Weathering and Erosion
D. Pressure
38. Breccia is formed from layers of angular rock cemented together as a result of
pressure. What type of rock is breccias?
A. Clastic Sedimentary
B. Igneous
C. Organic Sedimentary
D. Metamporphic
39. Gabbro is a dark, coarse grained rock formed from magma cooling slowly in the
Earth. What type of rock is gabbro?
A. Clastic Sedimentary
B. Intrusive Igneous
C. Extrusive Igneous
D. Metamorphic
40. Coal is formed from layers of plant material cemented together as a result of
pressure. What type of rock is coal?
A. Clastic Sedimentary
B. Igneous
C. Organic Sedimentary
D. Metamorphic
41. Pumice is formed from lava cooling quickly after a volcano eruption. What type
of rock is pumice?
A. Clastic Sedimentary
B. Intrusive Igneous
C. Extrusive Igneous
D. Metamorphic
42. Gneiss is a foliated rock formed when large amounts of heat and pressure and
applied to shale. What type of rock is gneiss?
A. Clastic Sedimentary
B. Igneous
C. Organic Sedimentary
D. Metamorphic
43. Name 5 things created in the rock cycle.
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Magma/Lava
Sediment
44. Name 5 ways things can change in the rock cycle.
Melting
Cooling
Heat and Pressure
Compacting and Cementing
Weathering and Erosion
45. Explain how rocks are used in your daily life.
Examples: Granite countertops, rock used in roads, coal as a fossil fuel, chalk
used in art, pumice stone used in a pedicure, rock used in landscaping
46. Explain how minerals are used in your daily life.
Examples: mica and other minerals in make-up, salt and other minerals in food,
gemstones used in jewelry (diamond ring), graphite in your pencil, talc used in
soaps