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AP STATISTICS
Course Syllabus
Eric Haight
Franklin High School
900 N. Resler
El Paso, TX 79912
[email protected]
AP STATISTICS
Course Overview
AP Statistics is the high school equivalent of a one semester, introductory college statistics
course. Participating students have completed Algebra II, most of them have completed
Precalculus and some take AP Calculus concurrently with AP Statistics.
In this course, students develop strategies for collecting, organizing, analyzing, and drawing
conclusions from data. Students design, administer, and tabulate results from surveys and
experiments. Probability and simulations aid students in constructing models for chance
phenomena. Sampling distributions provide the logical structure for confidence intervals and
hypothesis tests.
Teaching Strategies – Pedagogy
The primary text, Introduction to Statistics & Data Analysis by Peck/Olsen/Devore, (referred to
below as POD), provides the general layout of the course as well as being the primary source of
homework assignments. Students are strongly encouraged to read the chapters in the textbook
and answer vocabulary terminology, before the topics are discussed in class, so that class time
can be devoted to more discussion, practice, investigation, and activities with less time spent
class note taking and lecturing. As much as possible, class time is utilized working on activities
and investigations from a variety of sources.
These activities and investigations are taken from the textbook, Activity-Based Statistics, and
materials gathered from AP Summer Institutes, Statistics Workshops, NCTM Conferences, and
great ideas from contributors to the AP Statistics Electronic Discussion Group.
Students are encouraged from the beginning of the course to write complete responses in their
homework, quizzes, and tests, on write-ups from the activities and investigations, and especially
on released AP Statistics free response questions. Throughout the course, students practice
released free response questions, and grading each other’s responses using released rubrics.
Techonological support
Students always use a TI83+, graphing calculator, with statistical programs, computer statistical
software, such as Fathom, and internet web-based java applets. Each POD chapter has a section
on calculator use, to give students instruction and practice using the statistical capabilities of
their calculators. On some assignments and activities, students are required to use Spreadsheets
and/or the Fathom Statistics program to analyze data. . For all assignments computers are
available in our Math Lab. Students also take Online Quizzes to practice multiple-choice
questions. We also use as often as possible, the series of videos Against All Odds, to emphasize
the important concepts covered in the course.
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Assessment
Students are assigned homework primarily from the textbook. Other sources are used to provide
extra practice or enrichment. Students are expected to plan on about an hour of work for each
hour of class in this course. Generally, textbook assignments are due the following class day,
whereas free response questions and write-ups from activities and investigations are collected a
few days after they have been assigned. Chapter tests are weighted 50 percent of their six week
grade, quizzes, projects, and homework make the other 50 percent. Each six weeks grade
represents 30 percent of the semester grade. The final exam represents 10 percent.
All quizzes and tests are announced well in advance. Quizzes are given on a regular basis to
keep students from falling behind in their work. At the end of each chapter, assessment is
performed with the Chapter Test.
Review for the AP Exam
Students practice Free Response Questions throughout the course, and sometimes these are
included as part of the Chapter Tests. Towards the end of the course they receive an AMSCO’s
AP Statistics Book and a suggested review plan. In the last 2-3 weeks they practice Multiple
Choice Tests as well as “in class” timed Free Response Questions. We also organize a mock
“timed exam”, to help the students distribute their time accordingly during their real AP Exam.
Course Materials
Primary Text: Statistics & Data Analysis by Peck/Olsen/Devore (POD), 2nd. Edition, 2007,
Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, (POD).
Workshop Statistics, Discovery with Data and the Graphing Calculator by Rossman/Von
Oehsen, Springer.
Teaching Mathematics with FathomTM , Dynamic Data TM , Software, by Key Curriculum Press.
AP Released Exams
How to Prepare for the AP Statistics Advanced Placement Examination by Sternstein, Barron’s
Educational Series, Inc.
AMSCO’S AP Statistics, Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination by James F.
Bohan.
Course Projects
The course projects are in the form of extended assignments. As a consequence, form and
technical adequacy are enforced.
Examples of projects are:
- Collection of data and descriptive analysis.
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- Analysis of a significant data set using the computer.
- Design of an observational study or experiment.
- Design and development of an experiment using the inferential analysis.
All these projects are presented as a formal report typed, with all or most of the graphics and
analysis done in the computer. As time permits after the AP exam, students additionally make an
oral power point presentation to the class on their final project.
Course Content and Timeline
Semester 1
* The time given is an approximation.
Chapter 1: The Role of Statistics (3 class periods)*
1.1 and 1.2 Three Reasons to Study Statistics
The Nature and Role of Variability
1.3 Statistics and Data Analysis
1.4 Types of Data and Some Simple Graphical Displays
Activity: A current newspaper article is assigned to illustrate the pervasive nature of the
course’s content
Chapter 2: The Data Analysis Process and Collecting Data Sensibly (3 weeks)*
2.1 The Data Analysis Process - How are data produced - Observational studies vs.
experiments; populations vs. samples; sampling vs. census; bad sampling: voluntary response
& convenience.
2.2 Obtaining good samples Simple random sample (SRS); stratified sampling; cluster
sampling, systematic sampling, multi-stage sampling
Skill: Using a random digits table and a calculator to help choose random samples
2.3 Statistics Studies: Observation and Experimentation
2.4 Basics of experimental design subjects, factors, treatments, explanatory & response
variables, placebo effect, blinding; completely randomized design (CRD)
Principles of experimental design: control, random assignment, replication
Activity: Students participate in a double blind experiment.
2.4 and 2.5 More advanced experimental designs Multi-factor experiments; block designs;
why block?; difference between blocking and stratifying.
2.4 and 2.5 Matched pairs designs - A special form of blocking!; cross-over designs
Activity: Students participate in a matched pairs experiment & analyze data.
2.6 Designing and implementing surveys Questions: wording, type, order; administration
methods; concerns – undercoverage, nonresponse, bias
2.7 Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses
Activity: Students do the Random Rectangles, adapted from a Summer Workshop.
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 1999(3), 2000(5), 2001(4), 2002(2), 2002(B)(3),
2003(4), 2004(2), 2006(1), 2006(5), 2006B(5)
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Chapter 3: Graphical Methods for Describing Data (2 weeks)*
3.1 Displaying Categorical Data: Comparative Bar Charts and Pie Charts
Skill: Using lists on the calculator
3.2 Dotplots & Stemplots Constructing & interpreting graphical displays; Shape, Outliers,
Center, Spread; splitting stems; back-to-back stemplots
3.3 Histograms Constructing & describing; frequency and relative frequency
Skill: Making histograms on the calculator
3.4 Timeplots Seasonal variation, trends, cycles, time series, Bivariate Data
3.5 Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 1997(2) 2000(1) 2002-B(5)
Activity: Matching boxplots, histograms, summary statistics
Chapter 4: Numerical Methods for Describing Data ( 2 weeks)*
4.1 Describing the Center of a Data Set
Skill: Computing numerical summaries on the calculator
4.2 : Describing Variability in a Data Set
4.3 Boxplots & changing units of measurement. Five number summary Outlier
determination-1.5IQR analysis; parallel boxplots
Skill: Constructing and analyzing boxplots, modified boxplots, outliers, on the calculator
4.4 Interpreting Center and Variability: Chebyshev’s Rule, the Empirical Rule, and z Scores
rule
Skill: Determining z-scores using the calculator.
4.5 Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses.
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 2004(1), 2005(1), 2005(B)(1)
Chapter 5: Summarizing Bivariate Data ( 4 weeks)*
5.1 Scatterplots: constructing and interpreting Direction, shape, strength (and outliers),
Correlation
Skill: Making scatterplots and linear regression on the calculator
5.1 Correlation: calculations & properties defining correlation; what affects correlation?
Activity: Guess the correlation game (java applet)
5.2 Least squares regression line (LSRL) least squares principle; interpreting the slope and
y-intercept in context; prediction vs. extrapolation
Skill: Finding the LSRL on the calculator
Activity: Java applet on minimizing sum of squared error
5.2 Properties of the LSRL b  r  s y s x ; x, y  on LSRL
Activity: Computer activity using the program Fathom to explore LSRL, outliers and
influential points, and residual plots.
5.3 Analyzing model quality: residuals & r 2 residual plots – constructing & interpreting;
r 2 – calculation & interpretation
Skill: Computing residuals & making residual plots on the calculator
5.3 Cautions about correlation & regression Lurking variables; causation. common response,
and confounding
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5.4 General transformations to achieve linearity powers and logs
Skill: Transformations and regression models on the calculator
5.5 Exponential models Exponential growth; log x and log y transformation Power models .
Choosing the best model residuals and r 2
Skill: PwrReg and ExpReg on the calculator (note differences in residuals)
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 2000(1), 1999(1).
Chapter 6: Probability (3 weeks)*
6.1 and 6.2 Basic probability concepts. Probability as long-run relative frequency;
randomness; legitimate probability models; sample spaces, outcomes, events
Activities: Dies, spinners; experimental vs. theoretical probability
6.3 Basic probability rules Addition rule for disjoint events; complement rule; Venn
diagrams – union and intersection; general addition rule
6.4 Conditional probability General multiplication rule & tree diagrams
6.5 Independence & the multiplication rule. Definition of independent; multiplication rule for
independent events
6.6 Some General Probability Rules
6.7 Estimating Probabilities Empirically and Using Simulation
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 1999(4), 2001(3)
Semester 2
Chapter 7: Random Variables and Probability Distributions (3 weeks)*
7.1 Discrete random variables Properties; graphs; mean and variance
7.2 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables
Continuous random variables Uniform and Normal distributions
7.3 Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables
7.4 Mean and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable
7.5 The Binomial and Geometric Distributions
Skill: Binomial distributions on the calculator
7.6 Normal Distributions, The normal approximation to the binomial
7.7 Checking for Normality and Normalizing Transformations
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 2001(2), 2002(3), 2002(B)(2), 2003(3), 2004(3),
2004(4)
Chapter 8: Sampling Variability and Sampling Distributions (2 weeks)*
8.1 What is a sampling distribution? Moving towards inference; definition of sampling
distribution; bias and variability
8.2 Sampling distributions of p̂ Mean and standard deviation of sampling distribution;
normal approximation and rules of thumb
Activity: Use of the computer: Reese's Pieces Java Applet
8.3 Sampling distributions of x Mean and standard deviation of sampling distribution;
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Central Limit Theorem (CLT)
Activity: Pennies ages and the CLT Sampling Activity
Calculations involving x Normal population distribution vs. CLT
Chapter 9: Estimation Using a Single Sample – Confidence Intervals (3 weeks)*
9.1 Point Estimation
9.2 Large-Sample confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
Skill: Confidence interval for a population proportion using calculators
9.3 Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
Skill: Confidence interval for a population mean using calculators
9.4 Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 2002(B)(4), 2004(B)(2), 2005(5)
Chapter 10: Hypothesis Testing Using a Single Sample (3 weeks)*
10.1 Hypotheses and Test Procedures
10.2 Errors in Hypothesis Testing
10.3 Large-Sample Hypothesis Tests for a Population Proportion
10.4 Hypothesis Tests for a Population Mean. What do we do if  is unknown? tdistributions and the t-table for significance tests and confidence intervals
Skill: Hypothesis test for a population mean using the calculator
10.5 Type I & II errors, Power Type I and II error in context.
10.6 Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses. Technical details
One-tailed vs. two-tailed tests; P-values vs. fixed significance levels; cautions and warnings.
Activity: Calculator program that connects these three concepts
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 2003(2), 2004(B)(3), 2005(4)
Chapter 11: Comparing Two Populations or Treatments (3 weeks)*
11.1 Inferences Concerning the Difference Between Two Populations or Treatment Means,
using Independent Samples.
Skill: Inferences about differences in independent means, using the calculator.
11.2 Inferences Concerning the difference Between Two Populations or Treatment Means
using Paired Samples.
Skill: Inferences about differences in means with paired samples.
11.3 Large Sample Inferences Concerning a Difference Between Two Population or
Treatment Proportions.
Skill: Inferences for Differences in Proportions using the calculator.
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 1998(4), 2000(4), 2002(5), 2003(B)(3 and 4),
2004(B)(3 and 4), 2005(B)(4 and 5), 2006(B)(3 and 4).
Chapter 12: The Analysis of Categorical Data and Goodness-of-Fit Tests (1
week)*
12.1 Chi-Square Tests for Univariate Categorical Data. The chi-square family of curves.
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Activity: M&M color distributions – Goodness-of-fit Test.
12.2 Chi-square tests for Homogeneity and Independence in a two-way table.
Skill: Homogeneity and Independence Chi-square test on the calculator.
12.3 Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analysis and Computer
output.
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 1998(3), 1999(2), 2003(5) 2003(B)(5).
Chapter 13: Simple Linear Regression and Correlation: Inferential Methods ( 1
week)*
13.1 The Simple Linear Regression Model.
Activity: Investigating Old Faithful eruption data.
13.2 Inferences About the Slope of the Population Regression Line.
Skill: Regression inference on the calculator.
13.3 Checking Model Adequacy – Interpreting computer output.
Free Response Questions from AP Exams: 1999(1), 2002(B)(1), 2002(4), 2003(B)(2),
2004(B)(1), 2005(3), 2005(B)(5), 2006(2).
Review for the Advanced Placement Examination - (10 class periods, including a full
practice AP exam)
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Mock Grading Sessions
Practice Multiple Choice Questions
Practice AP Free Response Questions
Practice and Review in the AMSCO’s AP Statistics Book.
AFTER THE AP EXAM: Students complete a Case Study Project, alone or in teams, on
a topic of their choosing. In this project they apply most of what they have learned in the
course. Both a written analysis and a brief oral power point presentation are required for
this project. If time is allowed, we introduce Analysis of Variance.
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