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Name________________________ Mrs. Sheehan Unit 3 Fertile/Coastal Crescent Part 1: Chapter 3 Mesopotamia (p. 54-64) Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ A. Locate and label items on the Mesopotamia map. (See maps we practiced) Chapter Focus (p. 55) Why Its Important B. Where did the earliest civilization develop? _______________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ C. What was the “land between the rivers” called in ancient times? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ D. What is the “land between the rivers” called today? ________________ E. Why was Mesopotamia called the “cradle of civilization”? ___________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Section 1: The Rise of Sumer (p. 55) F. Who were the Sumerians? ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ G. _________________ civilization is the _________________ known civilization on Earth. H. The Sumerians were the first people to do what? ___________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 1 I. What did the Tigris and Euphrates do each spring? _________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ J. How did the Sumerians control the twin rivers? 1. They built _________________ to keep back the flood waters. 2. Define levee: __________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. During the _________________, the land became _________________. 4. They used the water from the canals to _________________, or water, their crops. 5. Their crops included ____________________________________ _____________________________________________________. K. How did the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers make the Sumerians more organized? ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ L. What building materials did the Sumerians use to build their cities? Why? ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ City-States (p. 57) Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ M. Define city-state: ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ N. Describe a Sumerian city-state 2 Walls - __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Gates - __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Streets - _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Upper Class - _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Middle Class - ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Lower Class - ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ O. Define artisan: _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Religious and Family Life (p. 57-58)) P. Define ziggurat: ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Q. Where was the ziggurat located? _______________________________ __________________________________________________________ R. Describe what a ziggurat looked like: ___________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ S. The courts and ziggurat were the center of Sumerian life. List what activities took place at the ziggurat and courts. 1. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3 2. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ T. Describe Sumerian religion. 1. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ U. Define polytheism (This term is not in the book, I will give it to you): __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ V. Describe Sumerian priests. 1. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ W. Describe Sumerian schools. 1. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4 2. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ X. Define cuneiform: __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Y. Why was writing developed? 1. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Z. Define scribe: ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ AA. Where did scribes work? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ BB. What was life like for Sumerian women? 1. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 5 3. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Priest-Kings (p. 59) CC. At first, Sumer was ruled by _________________ who were also _________________ of the city-state. DD. Who was Gilgamesh? 1. ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________ EE. Sumerian priest-kings received their advice from an _________________ of free men. When war broke out, the assembly would choose one of its members to serve as a _________________ _________________ until the war was over. As time went on, these leaders stayed in charge even after peace returned. By about 3000 B. C., they took the place of _________________ as permanent _________________. At the same time, kingship became _________________, or passed down from parent to child. Section 2: Later Mesopotamia Empires (p. 61, 63) FF. About 2400 B. C., the power of _________________ began to fade. New _________________ began to develop in _________________. Sargon I (p. 61) GG. Who was Sargon I? What did he create? ______________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ HH. Define empire: ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 6 Hammurabi of Babylon (p. 61, 63) Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ II. Who was Hammurabi? _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ JJ. What changes, or reforms, did Hammurabi make that were important? 1. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ KK. Define reform: __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ LL. What reform was Hammurabi best known for? _________________ __________________________________________________________ MM. How did Hammurabi create his code of law? ___________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ NN. What were some of the main points of Hammurabi’s code of law? 1. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 7 2. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ OO. What was Hammurabi’s reign known as? _____________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Section 3: Contributions (p. 63-64) Lesson Essential Question - __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ PP. What was the result of Mesopotamia’s influence on other civilizations? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 1. Writing - _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Wheel - ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Plow - ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 8 4. Sailboat - _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 5. Calendar - ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 6. Math - _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 7. Water Clock - _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 9
