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Skills Worksheet
Directed Reading 5-1
Section: What Is a Mineral?
1. What do a ruby, a gold nugget, and a grain of salt have in common?
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2. What substances are the basic materials of Earth’s crust?
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3. What is a mineral?
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CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS
_____ 6. What is an inorganic substance?
a. one that is hard, dense, and lifeless
b. one that is made up of living things or the remains of living things
c. one that is not made up of living things or the remains of living
things
d. something made up of the remains of ancient plants
_____ 7. Which of the following is a question scientists ask to determine
whether a substance is a mineral?
a. Does the substance occur naturally?
b. Will the substance sink to the bottom of a tank?
c. Is the substance shiny and heavy?
d. Is the substance manufactured?
_____ 8. Why is obsidian not a mineral?
a. It does not sink to the bottom of a water tank.
b. The atoms are not arranged in a regularly repeating crystalline
structure.
c. The atoms are arranged in a regularly repeating crystalline structure.
d. It does not conduct electricity.
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KINDS OF MINERALS
____ 10. How many different kinds of minerals have scientists identified?
a. fewer than 2,000
b. more than 4,000
c. fewer than 200
d. more than 30,000
____ 11. How many minerals are common?
a. fewer than 20
b. about a dozen
c. more than 20
d. more than 3,000
____ 12. The common minerals are called
a. sand.
b. dirt-forming minerals.
c. rock-forming minerals.
d. common form minerals.
____ 13. Which of the following are among the most common minerals?
a. quartz, sand, uranium, rock salt
b. diamonds, rock candy, salt
c. ice, sediment, sugar
d. quartz, gypsum, halite
____ 14. What are the two main groups of minerals?
a. reflective and nonreflective
b. silicate and nonsilicate
c. nutritional and non-nutritional
d. animal and vegetable
15. What is the basis for classifying minerals into two main groups?
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17. What two atoms are found in the mineral quartz?
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18. What are the most common silicate minerals?
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19. What determines what type of feldspar will form?
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20. In addition to quartz and feldspar, what is another type of silicate mineral?
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21. Ferromagnesian minerals are rich in what metals?
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22. Which minerals make up 96% of Earth’s crust?
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Directed Reading continued
In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches the term
or phrase.
_____ 23. carbonates
_____ 24. halides
_____ 25. native elements
_____ 26. oxides
_____ 27. sulfates
_____ 28. sulfides
a. elements uncombined with other elements
b. compounds that contain a sulfate group (SO4)
c. compounds that contain a carbonate group
(CO3)
d. compounds that consist of one or more
elements combined with sulfur
e. compounds that contain oxygen and an
element other than silicon
f. compounds that consist of chlorine or fluorine
combined with sodium, potassium, or calcium
29. What are nonsilicate minerals?
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CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
_____ 31. What do all minerals in Earth’s crust have?
a. a silicon atom and an oxygen atom
b. a crystalline structure
c. the same number of elements and compounds
d. the same number of protons and electrons
33. What is a crystal?
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34. Each type of mineral crystal is characterized by what?
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35. What hinders the growth of single, large crystals?
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37. If a crystal forms where the surrounding material is not restrictive, how will
the mineral develop?
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38. Why is it helpful to know crystal shapes?
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39. How do scientists use X rays to study the structure of crystals?
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CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF SILICATE MINERALS
_____ 41. What does each building block of the crystalline structure of silicate
minerals have?
a. four oxygen atoms arranged in a pyramid with one silicon atom in
the center
b. one oxygen atom with four silicon atoms in the center
c. three oxygen atoms arranged in a pyramid with two silicon atoms in
the center
d. four oxygen atoms arranged in a pyramid with four silicon atoms in
the center
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_____ 42. How many sides does the basic building block of the crystalline
structure of silicate minerals have?
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
_____ 43. What is the basic building block of the crystalline structure of silicate
minerals called?
a. silicon tetrahedron
b. silicon-oxygen octagon
c. oxygen tetrahedron
d. silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
_____ 44. What is true of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra?
a. They combine in the same arrangements to form different silicates.
b. They combine in different arrangements to form different silicates.
c. They combine in the same arrangements to form the same silicates.
d. They combine in different arrangements to form nonsilicates.
_____ 46. The oxygen atoms of the tetrahedra may be shared with
a. silicon atoms of other tetrahedra only.
b. atoms of neighboring tetrahedra, and bonds may form between the
silicon atoms and other elements outside the tetrahedra.
c. atoms of other elements only.
d. atoms of neighboring tetrahedra, and bonds may form between the
oxygen atoms and other elements outside the tetrahedra.
47. List the six kinds of arrangements that tetrahedra form.
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CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF NONSILICATE MINERALS
_____ 49. What are common crystal structures for nonsilicate minerals?
a. cubes, spheres, triangles
b. cubes, prisms, regular masses
c. prisms, polyspheres, tetragons
d. cubes, hexagonal prisms, irregular masses
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_____ 50. Nonsilicates may form
a. tetrahedra that are similar to those in silicates.
b. tetrahedra that are similar to those in nonsilicates.
c. tetrahedra that are exactly the same as those in silicates.
d. other crystalline structures that are exactly like silicates.
_____ 51. What is true of the ions in the center of nonsilicate tetrahedra?
a. They are oxygen.
b. They are not silicon.
c. They are silicon.
d. They are not ions.
52. How can classes of nonsilicate minerals be divided into smaller groups?
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54. Why do the native elements have very high densities?
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Original content Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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