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Cell Structure & Function Manipulative Directions: Students can match manipulatives in a number of ways. Use the cell diagram as a background board: Match Structure word to cell organelle Match Function to cell organelle Match BOTH structure & function to cell organelles **Don’t forget to label the cell as “plant” or “animal” For use without the cell diagram background board: Have students simply match structure to function Structure Function Cell Wall Serves as the first point of entry of materials into plant cells, functions in the movement of water throughout the plant, and is one of the major mechanical strengthening factors. Cell Membrane Semi-permeable membrane responsible for regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell, as well as maintaining the composition of the cell. Nucleus The functional core of a cell. It stores and selectively makes available all information stored within a cell, and controls most other organelles within a cell, thus playing a critical role in general cellular function. Home of DNA. Nucleolus (PreAP or AP only) The part of the nucleus containing most of the genes that code for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA. rRNA is synthesized here. Nuclear Envelope (PreAP or AP only) Has two membranes, each with the typical unit membrane structure. They enclose a flattened sac and are connected at the nuclear pore sites. The outermost membrane is continuous with the ER and has ribosomes attached. The space between the outer and inner membranes is also continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum space. It can fill with newly synthesized proteins just as the rough endoplasmic reticulum does. The nuclear envelope is enmeshed in a network of filaments for stability. Cytoplasm Mitochondria Plays a mechanical role to maintain the shape, the consistency of the cell and to provide suspension to the organelles. It is also a storage place for chemical substances indispensable to life. Vital metabolic reactions take place here, for example anaerobic glycolysis and protein synthesis. Provide energy to cells. Also known as the powerhouse of the cell, where it provides a location for the production of ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate). Rough ER (PreAP or AP only) Mitochondria are responsible for converting nutrients into the energy-yielding molecule (ATP) to fuel the cell's activities. This function, known as aerobic respiration, is the reason they are frequently referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. Has ribosomes attached to the surface that synthesize proteins for the cell. It transports these proteins to the regions in the cell where it is needed. (PreAP or AP only) Enzymes of lysosome are also produced by this organelle. Has functions in several metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates and calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins. It is connected to the nuclear envelope. Smooth ER (PreAP or AP only)Also contains the enzyme Glucose-6-phosphatase which converts glucose-6phosphate to glucose, a step in gluconeogenesis. It consists of tubules and vesicles that branch forming a network. In some cells there are dilated areas like the sacs of rough endoplasmic reticulum. This allows increased surface area for the action or storage of key enzymes and the products of these enzymes. The function of these organelles is protein synthesis. They are either found freely in the cytoplasm of the cell or they are found attached to endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus Lysosome This is considered more or less to be the "post office" of the cell. It handles all incoming lipids, proteins, etc., and controls their export as well. (PreAP or AP only) The transport vesicles from the ER fuse with the cis face of this (to the cisternae) and empty their protein content into the lumen. The proteins are then transported through the medial region towards the trans face and are modified on their way. Possible modifications include glycosylation or phosphorylation. The proteins are also labelled with a sequence of molecules according to their final destination. Function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself. Vacuole In mature plant cells, these organelles tend to be very large and are extremely important in providing structural support, as well as serving functions such as storage, waste disposal, protection, and growth. Many plant cells have one large, single central one that typically takes up most of the room in the cell. In animal cells, however, these tend to be much smaller and are more commonly used to temporarily store materials or to transport substances. Chloroplast These are only in plant cells, they use photosynthesis to make ATP which is energy for the cell. (PreAP or AP only) It has a green pigment which is used by the plants to prepare their food in the form of glucose. The thylakoids trap solar energy which activates this organelle which causes photolysis of water , breaking it into H+ and OH- ions. This is ultimately used up to prepare glucose through processes in which CO2 is produced and glucose is formed. For Labeling the blank cells Animal Cell Plant Cell KEY