Download data table - Ms. V Biology

Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Image
Name _________________________
Period ___________
(Draw and color one of the eleven systems in the body outline above)
1
Introduction
Cells are ____________________
____________________________
_____________________________
Examples of different types of cells are
_________________________________
_________________________________
Tissues are __________________
____________________________
_____________________________
Describe the types of tissues and give an
example:
Epithelial Tissue = __________________________
Ex. _____________________________
Connective Tissue = _________________________
Ex. ______________________________
Nervous Tissue = ____________________________
Ex. ______________________________
Muscle Tissue = _____________________________
Ex. ______________________________
Identify the different types of connective
tissue: fibrous connective tissue,
cartilage, adipose tissue, bone, blood,
and loose connective tissue
Organs are ________________________________________________________
Give me five examples of organs:
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
Organs Systems are ____________________
_______________________________________
Match the Organ to the System
Identify the three different types of
Hypothalamus - ________________________________
muscle tissue: smooth, cardiac,
Pancreas - ____________________________ ________
and skeletal.
Tibia - ________________________________
Pituitary - ______________________________
Bronchi - ________________________________
2
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Muscular System
Function:
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Major Structures:
________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________
________________________________
________________________________
_____________________________
Works closely with the ___________
Place the following words in the diagrams –
system to_______________________
endoskeleton and exoskeleton use once,
with the help of ___________________
flexor and extensor use twice.
Organization of Skeletal Muscle
____________________ = fibers cell membrane
___________________ = cells cytoplasm, containing
_______________, __________ and ______________
for energy. Each muscle fiber itself contains
cylindrical organelles known as _________________
Myofibrils made up of _________________________
proteins which run the length of the muscle fiber
and are Important in muscle contraction known as
the _________________.
What is a strain? ______________________________
____________________________________________
What is a sprain? _____________________________
_____________________________________________
What are ligaments?___________________________
What are tendons?____________________________
_____________________________________________
3
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Skeletal System
Three types of skeletal systems
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
Function:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Types of Cells:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Works closely with the _____________
system to___________________________
___________________________________
In the outline to the right draw and label
the following structures: clavicle, femur,
fibula, humerus, patella, pelvis, radius,
ribs, scapula, skull, sternum, tibia & ulna
What are the Haversian Canals? _____________
_________________________________________
Using the diagram above, name 3 types of
joints and give an example of each.
1. _____________________/_________________
2. _____________________/_________________
3. _____________________/_________________
4
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Nervous System
Function: __________________________________
On the diagram below draw the CNS
__________________________________________
and PNS using two different colors.
__________________________________________
Major Structures: CNS = ______________________________
PNS = ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3 Types of Neurons:__________________________________
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Works closely with the ______________ _____________ and
the five senses to ____________________________________.
Using the letters label the neuron above and indicate
the direction of the impulse: A = dendrite, B = nodes of
Ranvier, C = cell body, D = Schwann cell, E = axon, F =
myelin sheath, G = synaptic terminal and H = nucleus.
In your own words describe the four steps of a synapse
then on the diagram to the right CLEARLY place the number
where the steps occur.
1. ________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4.
________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5
Place the number next to the correct
part, provide a 1 word functions &
color each of the four lobes a
different color
Hypothalamus
Medulla
Cerebellum
Corpus Collosum
Thalamus
Cerebrum
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Cerebro-spinal Fluid
Record your Stroop test times
& make a conclusion
1st ________/2nd _________
_______________________________________
Senses
Affiliated Organ
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
6.
3.
2.
7.
1.
8.
4.
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
5.
What other reflex test do doctors use? _________
__________________________________________
RECORD YOUR AVG TIME AND RATING ON THE REACTION GAME: ________________________
6
h e r e
5. ________________________________________
Place the following words
in the boxes: motor neuron,
effector, sensory neuron,
interneuron, receptor,
stimulus, spinal cord and
gray matter
e a r
3. ________________________________________
4. ________________________________________
T a p e
Read the paper on reflexes & record the steps.
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Circulatory System
T a p e H e a r t
Function: ____________________________
_____________________________________
Label & use 2 colors
8.
Major Structures: ______________________
1.
9.
_____________________________________
2.
10.
3.
11.
Using the stethoscope, listen to your heartbeat
4.
12.
and record. Explain the sound:
5.
13.
1st Sound (LUB): ___________________________
6.
14.
7.
15.
Types of Cells: ________________________
_____________________________________
__________________________________________
2nd Sound (DUB): ___________________________
__________________________________________
Diastolic pressure is ______________________
Systolic pressure is ______________________
What is your blood pressure _______/_______
What is your pulse rate and what does it mean?
_______________________________________
What level of the organ system hierarchy is
Blood? ________________________________
%
Read “Relationships..” handout & describe
how the circulatory and digestive systems
depend on each other. Using the diagram on
the back, list 3 more systems that work w/ the
circulatory system. _______________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
1. ___________________________________
2. ___________________________________
Complete the following table
Component
Plasma made up of
H e r e
Color
3. ___________________________________
Use the “Travels of a red blood cell” cards to
complete the following. A red blood cell begins
within the ____________ canals that are found
Cellular Elements
Types
1.
Functions
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
in your bone marrow. The next destination are
____________ and then they bring oxygen poor
blood to the __________ by way of the _______
_______. At which point they enter the _______
atrium. Passing the ____________ valve and entering the __________ ventricle passing through
the ______________ valve going to the ________ arteries. The red blood cell goes to the _______
for loading up on oxygen. The red blood cell travels through the ________________ veins to the
_________ atrium passing the _______ valve and into the final pumping chamber, _______
ventricle. The last valve is the ____________ valve and it leads to the _______. The last part of
your vascular system that carries oxygen to your body is the ___________.
7
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Respiratory System
Function:__________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Major Structures: ___________________
__________________________________
Key Parts: _________________________
__________________________________
Works closely with the ______________
system to _________________________
Identify another function that is performed
by the respiratory system and what parts of
our body are used to perform that function.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
USING THE LUNG MODEL
Which part of the model represents the
following and then describe the function:
The exchange of CO2 and O2 is what kind
of passive transport? _______________
What is your diagnosis and what
are your recommendations?
Patient #__ - _________________
Trachea = ________________________
_________________________________
Bronchi = ________________________
_________________________________
____________________________
Lung = __________________________
____________________________
_________________________________
____________________________
Diaphragm = _______________________________
Patient #__ - _________________
__________________________________________
____________________________
What happens when you pull down on the large
balloon? __________________________________
____________________________
____________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Read the article entitled “Everest/First Ascents:
Altitude Danger Begins in Pheriche” and answer the eight questions.
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
4. ____
5. ____
8
6. ____
7. ____
8. ____
Measuring Lung Capacity
The amount of air that you move in and out of your lungs while breathing normally is called TIDAL
VOLUME. This amount of air provides enough oxygen for a person who is resting. It is possible to inhale
and exhale more forcefully - the maximum amount of air moved in and out of the lungs is called the
VITAL CAPACITY. In this activity, you will be measuring the vital capacity and the tidal volume of your
own lungs, this actual number can then be compared with a number derived from an equation that
measures vital capacity. In effect, you are measuring an actual number, based on laboratory
measurements, to a theoretical number, based on an equation. If you have any breathing difficulties
(asthma or other condition), you should not participate in this activity, instead only take the data on your
lab partner or group.
Materials - Balloons, metric ruler, meter stick, bathroom scale (optional)
How to Take Measurements with a Balloon
1. Measuring Tidal Volume -- Stretch a round balloon several times to stretch it out. Inhale normally and
then exhale normally into the balloon. Do not force your breathing. Pinch the end of the balloon and
measure its diameter. Repeat this so that you have 3 total measurements and can take the average and
record in the data table.
2. Measuring Vital Capacity - Repeat the procedure,
only this time inhale as much air as you can and
exhale forcefully. Record three measurements in the
data table.
3. Convert the diameters to a volume using the graph and record this in your table.
4. Estimated Vital Capacity - Research has shown that the capacity of a person's lungs is proportional to
the surface area of his or her body. To find the surface area, you will need to know your height and
weight. There are a couple of different ways to calculate your body surface area mathematically. Either
use the equation below or go to a website that has an automatic calculator. (A Google search on "body
surface area calculator will yield many pages that have these calculators)
Once you have calculated your surface area, a second equation will calculate your estimated vital
capacity.
Males: SA x 2500
Females SA x 2000
9
DATA TABLE
Tidal Volume
Balloon
Diameter
Volume
(from
graph)
Vital Capacity
Balloon
Diameter
Volume
(from
graph)
Trial
Estimated Vital Capacity
Height (cm)
Mass (kg)
1
Surface Area
2
Vital Capacity
3
Average
ANALYSIS
1. Why is it important to measure tidal volume and vital capacity three times and then get an average?
2. How does your measured vital capacity compare to the vital capacity you estimated using the formula?
Which do you think is more accurate and why?
3. How might an athlete's vital capacity compare to a non-athlete? Explain your reasoning.
APPLICATION
1. Examine the data table of a person who entered into a training program. This person's vital capacity
was measured over a 60 day period. Use the data to construct a graph
DATA
GRAPH
Day of Training Vital Capacity
0
4800
10
4840
20
4890
30
4930
40
4980
50
5180
60
5260
2. What happened to the person's vital
capacity over the course of the training
period?
3. What probably caused the change?
4. How might vital capacity be important to a musician?
10
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Digestive System
12
Function: ____________________________________
____________________________________________
Major Structures: _____________________________
____________________________________________
Key Parts: ___________________________________
____________________________________________
Works closely with the __________________ system to
__________________________________________.
13
Match the number with the correct organ then
indicate the type of digestion ME=mechanical and
CH=Chemical. Then briefly describe the function.
Indicate the pH if applicable and the enzyme produced
by that organ. Rectum, Small Intestine (Ileum),
Mouth/Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Large Intestine (colon),
Pharynx, Esophagus/Gullet, Anus, Liver, Gall Bladder,
Pancreas, Stomach and Pyloric Sphincter
#
ORGAN
ME/CH
FUNCTION
pH
FLUIDS
SECRETED
1
2
12
7
8
13
3
4
5
6
9
10
11
DEFINE/Describe: Bolus =___________________________________________________________
Peristalsis = ______________________________________________________________________
Villi or microvilli = _________________________________________________________________
11
Digestive System Puzzle Square: Arrange the cut out squares so that the touching sides match.
The enzyme pancreatic amylase is manufactured and secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine. Pancreatic
amylase breaks down starch into a smaller sugar. Pepsin is an enzyme that is released by the stomach and functions
to break down proteins into amino acids. The following graph shows the pH at which both pepsin and pancreatic
amylase can function in the body. If the pH of the body falls above or below the graphs for each enzyme
respectively, that enzyme will denature and no longer function. The higher the curve of the graph, the more
productive the enzyme.
Which of the following statements is true with respect to Figure 1?
1) _____ : Pepsin and pancreatic amylase could never function
together in the same part of the body at the same time.
2) _____: Pancreatic amylase could function in the stomach with a
pH of 1-2.
3) _____ : The optimal pH for the functioning of pepsin is
approximately 8.5 to 9.
4) _____: Pancreatic amylase is used in the small intestine.
Normally, the small intestine must be slightly acidic in order for it
to function.
12
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Excretory System
Function: ____________________________________
_____________________________________________
Major Structures:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Key Parts:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Works closely with the _____________ system to
____________________________________________.
Add the
following
labels to
the
diagram
Kidney,
urinary
bladder,
ureters,
urethra,
renal
artery,
and vena
cava
Label the diagram of a kidney and color as indicated: capsuleorange; renal artery – red; renal vein – yellow; cortex green; medulla - pink; pelvis - brown; ureter – blue; pyramids - purple
Filtration
Structure
______
Function (use the words from the diagrams)
Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
______
Carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney
______
The inner region of the kidney
______
The outer region of the kidney
______
Carries oxygenated blood to the kidney
______
The part of the kidney that collects the urine before it
passes down the ureter
______
The tough fibrous coat around the kidney
______
Stores urine before it is removed from body
______
The tube that carries urine away from the kidney
________
Converts blood to urine
Organism
R
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
t
i
o
n
Excretion
Label the
nephron diagram
1=Collecting duct,
2=renal artery,
3=loop of Henle,
4=distal
convoluted tubule,
5=glomerulus,
6=proximal
convoluted tubule,
7=Bowman’s
capsule
13
Protists
______________
Cnidarians
______________
Platyhelminthes
______________
Annelids
______________
Insects
______________
Desert Animal
Kangaroo Rat
Specialized Excretory
Organ
Urinalysis Simulation
Physical Properties Analysis – Color, Clarity, Specific Gravity
Record the color of the specimen as pale yellow, yellow, brownish yellow, or red.
Record the clarity of the urine specimen as clear, slightly cloudy, cloudy, or turbid.
Specific gravity has already been recorded for you.
Physical Properties of Urine Analysis
Urine Sample
Color
Clarity
Specific Gravity
Control
~1.000
Patient A
~1.014
Patient B
~1.019
Patient C
~1.030
Place the urine colors from the above data table in the “Before” columns.
To test for glucose you added Benedict’s solution to 3 ml of urine for each patient and then
heated the tubes for 2 minutes in a hot water bath. The test tubes in the beaker labeled
“Benedicts” are the samples after heating. Record the color change in your data table. A
color change to orange, red, or brown indicates the presence of sugar.
To test for protein you added Biuret solution to 3 mL of urine for each patient. The tubes in
the beaker labeled “Biuret” are the samples after adding Biuret’s solution. Record the color
change in your data table. A change from blue to purple indicates the presence of protein.
Chemical Properties
GLUCOSE
PROTEIN
of Urine Analysis
Color before
Color after
Color before
Color after
Urine Sample
heating
heating
adding Biuret adding Biuret
Control
Patient A
Patient B
Patient C
Indicate the test(s) that provides a diagnosis for the following diseases:
•Urinary tract infection ____________________________________
•Diabetes mellitus ________________________________________
•Kidney disease __________________________________________
2. What is a potential diagnosis for patient A? ____________________________________
3. What is a potential diagnosis for patient B? ____________________________________
4. What is a potential diagnosis for patient C? ____________________________________
5. Which patient had the highest concentration of dissolved substances? _______________
6. Why was a control used in each test?_________________________________________
14
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Lymphatic/Immune
System
Function: _________________
__________________________
Major Structures: Place the letter next
to the name of the structure
Works closely with the ________
system to __________________.
Blood cells are produced in
_____________ and Erythrocytes are
called __________________ and
Leukocytes are called_____________.
The two types of Lymphocytes are
_______________ and _____________.
C
H
Lines of Defense
1st: Non-specific barrier, innate, broad external defense
Types:_________________________________________
2nd: ___________________________________________
- leukocytes attack pathogens but no memory
3rd: Specific, acquired defense w/memory, true immunity

specific defense w/ memory:__________ & _______

responds to ___________
What is an ANTIGEN? __________________________
For example specific pathogen or toxin or cancer cell
What is an ANTIBODY? ________________________
_____________________________________________
B-Cells – mature in ____________________________
- __________________ response attacks pathogens
circulating in blood and lymph. They produce
______________. Types - _________ and ________.
T-Cells – mature in _________. _________ response
recognize and attack ____________________. Three
types of T cells are ___________________________.
Inflammatory Response – local non-specific
trigger when tissue is damaged
1. ___________________________________
_____________________________________
2. ___________________________________
_____________________________________
3. ___________________________________
_____________________________________
4. ___________________________________
_____________________________________
__
Vaccination: a form of active immunity when a weakened or inactive pathogen is given to
____________________________________________________________________________.
Passive Immunity - __________________________________________________________________.
HIV – infects and destroys _________ cells which then do not activate ___________ & __________
Why do you take an antihistamine? _____________________________________________________
15
Immune System Defender Game
Immune Responses
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/immunity/
www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/immuneresponses/about.html
What happens in your body when you are wounded? __
_____________________________________________
What cell types are involved in the immune system? ___
_____________________________________________
How do immune cells remove bacteria? _____________
_____________________________________________
Some immune cells alert other immune cells about
invading bacteria. Which ones? ___________________
_____________________________________________
What happens when our body is attacked by foreign substances?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
What is immunity? _____________________________________
____________________________________________________
How do vaccines work? _________________________________
____________________________________________________
How does our body get rid of bacteria and viruses? ___________
____________________________________________________
16
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Endocrine System
12
Function: ________________________________
_________________________________________
Define Hormone:___________________________
_________________________________________.
2
Works closely with the ______________ system
which ________________________ of _________
and _________________ system to deliver them.
Place the correct number next to the structure
_____ Hypothalamus
_____ Uterus
_____ Thyroid
_____ Kidney
_____ Parathyroid
_____ Thymus
_____ Adrenal
_____ Pancreas
_____ Testes
_____ Ovary
_____ Pituitary
_____ Pineal
GLAND/LOCATION HORMONE
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Adrenal
Ovaries
Testes
FUNCTION
Control center for autonomic functions. Connects with the
endocrine (hypothalamus) and nervous systems to
maintain homeostasis and influence emotional responses.
Contraction of uterus; tells kidneys to reabsorb water;
protein synthesis & growth in bones; production and
release of breast milk; stimulate production of ova &
sperm; Stimulates the thyroid gland; tells adrenal cortex to
secrete glucocorticoids
Stimulate and maintain Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), which
is the amount of energy the body uses; ↓ blood Ca2+ level
Raises blood calcium level
Cluster of cells, islets of Langerhans, contain beta cells
secrete insulin and ↓ blood glucose levels; alpha cells
secrete glucagon and ↑ blood glucose levels
Raise blood glucose level; increase metabolic activities;
prepares the body for “fright, fight or flight”; promote
reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys
Stimulate uterine lining growth, development and
maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics
Support sperm formation, development and maintenance
of male secondary sex characteristics
17
_________ FEEDBACK: MORE GETS YOU LESS
_______ FEEDBACK: MORE GETS YOU MORE
Here are several problems that describe feedback loops. Read each problem, decide if each is a
positive or a negative feedback loop, and record your answers on your worksheets.
Problem #1: When you become dehydrated, and the osmolality of the blood increases (meaning your blood has
more salt and less water), osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus cause the posterior pituitary to secrete anti-diuretic
hormone (ADH). ADH acts on the kidney to increase the reabsorption of water, and put the water back into your
bloodstream. This helps prevent the osmolality of the blood from increasing even further. If you drink lots of water,
ADH production decreases, and the kidneys remove water from the blood, again maintaining the osmolality of the
blood. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop?
Problem #2: During childbirth, the fetus is pushed against the uterine opening, causing it to stretch. Receptors that
detect the stretching send signals to the brain. The brain sends both neural and hormonal signals which increase
both the contraction force and the contraction frequency in the smooth muscles of the uterus. This continues until
the baby is delivered through the birth canal. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop?
Problem #3: An increase of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to a decrease in blood pH. The drop in blood pH is
detected by chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery. These receptors send nerve impulses to the respiratory
center in the medulla oblongata in the brain, which then stimulates increased breathing. Increased breathing helps
remove carbon dioxide from the blood, returning blood pH to normal levels. Is this a positive or negative feedback
loop?
Problem #4: After eating a meal, your blood glucose level increases. Islet cells in your pancreas detect the rise in
blood sugar, and release insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin binds to receptors on cells throughout the body,
allowing the cells to take up glucose from the blood. This lowers blood glucose levels back to a normal level. Is this
a positive or negative feedback loop?
Problem #5: When thyroxine levels in the body are low, the hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(TRH). TRH acts on the anterior pituitary causing the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH, in
turn, acts on the thyroid gland, causing secretion of thyroxine. Increased levels of thyroxine act on both the
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, decreasing the release of both TRH and TSH. Is this a positive or negative
feedback loop?
18
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Organ Systems
Integumentary System
Main Function: _____________________
___________________________________
EPIDERMIS -consists of ___ layers of __ kinds of cells
How often do cells undergo cell division _________
Keratin is____________________________________
Major Structures: ___________________
___________________________________
Melanin is ___________________________________
Works closely with the _______________
system ___________________________.
____________________________________________
FACTS: The Skin is the human body's
____________ __________. The word
INTEGUMENT comes from LATIN and
means ______________
OTHER FUNCTIONS
1. Serves as a _____________ against
infection and injury.
2. Helps to regulate _______________.
3. Removes __________ from the body.
Why does a small scratch not bleed?____________
DERMIS- ___________ layer composed of collagen,
elastic fibers, fibroblasts, macrophage, fat cells hair,
glands, nerve and blood vessels.
___________________ is the layer below the Dermis
Two Glands are _____________ and _____________
HAIR is produced by _____________________ and it
______________ and _________________ the body.
What causes hair to grow?_____________________
____________________________________________
Why does hair get oily?________________________
4. Provides _________________ against
ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
NAILS – grow from the ________________________
5. Produces _____________________
and are located ________________of fingers & toes.
Why are nails pink?___________________________
1
Fat, Collagen, Fibroblasts
2
Hair
3
Subcutaneous Tissue
4
Dermis
5
Nerve
6
Arteriole
7
Muscle
8
Sebaceous Gland
9
Epidermis
10
Sensory Nerve Ending
11
Capillaries
12
Sweat Gland
Which nails grow faster fingers or toes?(circle)
Number the diagram.
19
Animal Form and Function
A Study of the Animal Form and Function
Reproductive System
Function: __________________________________________________________________________
Major Structures: ____________________________________________________________________
Types of Cells: ______________________________________________________________________
Works closely with the _____________________ system to ________________________________.
Match the correct structure with the function
Structure
Match the correct structure with the function.
Structure
Function
pair of tubes that transport
eggs from ovary to uterus
pair of organs that produces
eggs, estrogen and
progesterone
one of the small ovarian sacs
containing an immature ovum
hollow muscular organ that
nourishes and develops
embryo before birth
yellow mass of tissue that
forms in the ovary after
ovulation & secretes
progesterone
mucous membrane that lines
the womb & increases in
thickness during menstruation
narrow passage leading to the
vagina
Structure
20
Function
coiled tube attached to testicle;
stores sperm; connected to the
vas deferens
an expanding muscular sac that
collects urine
Fold of the body wall which
contains the gonads
O"-shaped gland; surrounds
the urethra below the bladder,
secreting a fluid into the semen
pair of glands that secrete the
fluid of semen into the
ejaculatory duct
Produce gametes & hormones
Muscular duct running from
epididymis & out of the scrotum
Drains both the excretory &
reproductive systems
Function
muscular tube that connects the cervix
of the womb to the vulva