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Student Study Guide for the American Pageant
Chapter 30 The War to End War, 1917–1918
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Germany’s declaration of unlimited ___________________________ warfare, supplemented by the
________________________ note proposing an alliance with Mexico, finally caused the United States to declare
war. Wilson aroused the country to patriotic heights by making the war an idealistic crusade for ________________
and permanent peace based on his _____________________________________________.
Wartime propaganda stirred voluntary commitment to the war effort, but at the cost of suppressing
_____________. Voluntary efforts also worked wonders in organizing _______________________, producing food,
and ______________________ the war. ___________, including women, made substantial wartime gains. The
beginnings of ________________________________________ to northern cities led to racial tensions and riots.
America’s soldiers took nearly a year to arrive in Europe, and they fought in only _______ major battles at
the end of the war. America’s main contribution to the Allied victory was to provide _______________________,
_______________________ and improved morale. Wilson’s immense ____________________ created high
expectations for an idealistic peace, but his own political blunders and the stubborn opposition of
___________________________ statesmen forced him to compromise his lofty aims.
As Henry Cabot ________________ stalled the treaty, Wilson tried to rouse the country on behalf of his
cherished League, but his own physical ____________________ and refusal to compromise killed the treaty and the
League. Republican isolationists effectively turned Harding’s victory in 1920 into a death sentence for the League.
What specific action prompted President Wilson to break diplomatic relations with Germany? (pg 696)
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What was the Zimmermann note? (pg 696) ______________________________________________________
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What specific action(s) preceded the United States’ declaring of war against Germany (pg. 697) ____________
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Describe the means upon which President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World War I:
(pg 697-698)
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President Wilson viewed America's entry into World War I as an opportunity. Explain: (pg 697-698)
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Which one of the following was not among Wilson's Fourteen Points upon which he based America's idealistic
foreign policy in World War I? (page 698-699)
A) reduction of armaments. B) international religious freedom and toleration. C) abolition of secret treaties.
D) a new international organization to guarantee collective security. E) the principle of national self-determination
for subject peoples.
The major problem for George Creel and his Committee on Public Information was that (page 699)
A) he oversold Wilson's ideals and led the world to expect too much. B) he relied too much on formal laws and
military force to gain compliance. C) the entertainment industry was not willing to go along with the propaganda
campaign. D) U.S. allies refused to cooperate. E) the public was skeptical of government propaganda.
What two groups in the United States suffered most from the violaton of civil liberties during World War I? (pg 699-700)
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What occurred as a result of the passage of the Espionage and Sedition Acts? (pg 700) ____________________
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What purpose did the War Industries Board serve and why was it disbanded? (pg 700-701) ________________
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What precipitated the race riots in Chicago in 1919? (pg 702) _________________________________________
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What did the 18th and 19th amendments accomplish? (pg 703) _________________________________________
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The 1919 steel strike resulted in (pg 701)
A) the eight-hour workday. B) the right to bargain collectively. C) higher wages. D) a grievous setback crippling
the union movement for a decade. E) a “general strike” in Seattle and Pittsburgh.
Most of the money raised to finance World War I came from? (pg 704) _________________________________
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The United States used all of the following methods to support the war effort except (pg 704-705)
A) forcing some people to buy war bonds. B) having “heatless Mondays” to conserve fuel. C) using government
power extensively to regulate the economy. D) seizing enemy merchant vessels trapped in American harbors.
E) restricting the manufacture of beer.
Describe the circumstances related to conscription? (pg. 705-706) ______________________________________
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What was the status of the German army in France upon the arrival of American troops in the spring of 1918? (pg 708)
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How did Russia's withdrawal from World War I in 1918 impact the war? (pg 707) _________________________
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What was significant about The Second Battle of the Marne? (pg 708) __________________________________
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As a condition of ending World War I, Woodrow Wilson demanded that (pg 710)
A) Germany remove its army from Russia. B) Germany be present at the peace conference. C) the German
government pay for war damages. D) the German kaiser be forced from power. E) Germany accept guilt for the
war.
The United States' main contributions to the Allied victory in World War I included all of the following except (pg
710-711)
A) battlefield victories. B) foodstuffs. C) oil. D) munitions. E) financial credit.
The Germans were heavily demoralized by (pg 711)
A) the United States' military performance. B) their defeat at the Battle of Meuse-Argonne. C) the United States'
unlimited troop reserves. D) Russia's entry into the war. E) American propaganda.
The chief difference between Woodrow Wilson and the parliamentary statesmen at the Paris peace table was that
Wilson (pg 712)
A) lacked their popularity in Europe. B) did not command a legislative majority at home. C) brought some of his
political opponents with him. D) refused to play politics with the peace powers. E) was not popular with his own
people.
What was Woodrow Wilson's ultimate goal at the Paris Peace Conference? (pg 712)
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At the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson sought all of the following goals except (pg 713)
A) preventing a seizure of territory by the victors. B) an end to the European colonial empires in Africa and Asia.
C) a world parliament of nations to provide collective security. D) national self-determination for smaller
European nations. E) free trade and freedom of the seas.
In the United States, what was the most controversial aspect of the Treaty of Versailles? (pg 715)
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Describe the process that led to the defeat of the Treaty of Versailles in the U.S. Senate (pg. 714-716)
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What impact did Warren Harding's 1920 presidential victory have on the Treaty of versailles? (pg 716) ________
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What was the major weakness of the League of Nations? (pg 717) _____________________________________
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Historiography: Read the Varying Viewpoints section on page 718-719 to answer these question(s):
Explain the criticism of Woodrow Wilson by “realists” George F. Kennan and Henry Kissinger?
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Summarize the points of view of the “liberal” school of thought and the Leftist school of thought regarding
Woodrow Wilson:
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