Download Cell Cycle and Mitosis Questions File

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Cell Cycle and Mitosis Exam Questions
Topic 3.2
59 marks
1.
Read through the following account of mitosis in an animal cell, then write on the dotted lines
the most appropriate word or words to complete the account.
During prophase, the ................................................ breaks down and the
................................................ migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
During ................................................, the chromosomes are visible as pairs of
chromatids, lined up along the equator of the cell. Spindle fibres extend from the poles
of the cell and attach to the ................................................ .
In ................................................, the spindle fibres contract, pulling the chromatids
apart.
(Total 5 marks)
2.
The diagram below shows the structure of a chromosome as it might appear at the end of
prophase of mitosis.
A
(a)
B
Name the parts labelled A and B.
A .................................................................................................................................
B .................................................................................................................................
(2)
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(b)
During metaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes become attached to the equator of the
spindle. Name the stage of mitosis that follows metaphase and describe the events that
occur in this stage.
Stage ...........................................................................................................................
Events occurring ........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(c)
Explain the significance of the stage you have named and described in (b).
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
Mitosis forms part of the cell cycle. Name one other stage of the cell cycle and state what
occurs in the stage that you have named.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
3.
(a)
The table below describes some of the key events that occur during mitosis Complete the
table by writing the name of the stage of mitosis next to its description.
Key events
Stage
Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
of the dividing cell.
Chromosomes shorten and thicken. The nuclear
envelope breaks down and the spindle forms.
The spindle fibres break down, the nuclear
membrane re-forms and the chromosomes
elongate.
Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell,
attached to spindle fibres by their centromeres.
(4)
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(b)
The graph below illustrates the change in DNA content during the cell cycle
Mass of DNA /
arbitrary units
6
C
5
D
4
3 A
B
2
G1
1
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
26
24
Time / hours
(i)
Calculate the percentage of the cell cycle time spent in G1.
Answer...................................................................
(3)
(ii)
At which point, A, B, C or D, does chromosome replication (the S phase) begin?
Explain your answer.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
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4.
The drawing below shows an animal cell, magnified × 1000, undergoing mitosis.
(a)
Give two features that help to identify this as an animal cell.
1 .................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Name the parts labelled A and B.
A ................................................................................................................................
B ................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Name the stage of mitosis shown in the drawing.
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
Calculate the actual maximum diameter of this cell. Show your working.
Answer ...........................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
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5.
The diagram below shows cells from a root tip, prepared by the root tip squash method.
(a)
Describe how you would prepare a root tip squash so that mitosis can be studied.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4)
(b)
State which of the cells labelled A–E is in:
(i)
metaphase ...................
(ii)
anaphase .....................
(2)
(c)
State two events that take place during interphase.
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
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6.
The diagrams below show four stages of mitosis.
(a)
(i)
A
B
C
D
Write the letters of the stages in the sequence in which they occur during mitosis.
........... .......... .......... ...........
(1)
(ii)
Name stage D.
.................................................................................................................................
(1)
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(b)
The graph below shows how the quantity of DNA varies with time in a cell cycle.
4
Quantity of DNA
/ arbitrary units
3
2
1
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time/hours
(i)
Explain the changes in the quantity of DNA that take place:
between 10 to 15 hours
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
at 20 hours
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
What is happening- in the cell between 15 and 20 hours?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
What is the minimum length of time that interphase would occupy in this cell
cycle?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
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7.
The diagrams below show cells from a garlic plant at five different stages of mitosis as seen
using a light microscope. These stages are in the wrong order.
A
(a)
B
C
D
E
Give the correct order in which the five stages take place by using the letters A–E.
1st stage ............
2nd stage ............
4th stage ............
5th stage ............
3rd stage ............
(2)
(b)
(i)
Name the part of a garlic plant which is used to prepare a slide showing the stages
of mitosis.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Name a stain which is used to make the chromosomes easy to see.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Name the process which must occur in the genetic material before the chromosomes
become visible.
(i)
Name of the process .........................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
State what happens to the genetic material during this process.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
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8.
(a)
Give an account of the events that take place during prophase and metaphase of mitosis.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(5)
(Total 5 marks)
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9.
The graphs below show changes in the DNA content of cells during the cell cycle in two
different plants, A and B.
Plant A
DNA content in each
cell / arbitrary units
6
3
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Time / hours
Plant B
DNA content in each
cell / arbitrary units
6
3
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Time / hours
(a)
Compare the cell cycle of plant A with the cell cycle of plant B.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
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(b)
Describe the events that are occurring inside the cells of plant A between 11 and 13 hours.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
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