Download Democratic Foundations

Name_____________________ Date___________
US SC 11
Period________
US History and Government
Midterm Review Sheet
Date of Exam:
Wednesday January 28 2015
7:40-9:50 am
Materials needed:
Please bring at least 2 sharpened pencils and 2 pens
Exam format:
1) 50 multiple choice questions
2) Analyzing Document – Constructed Response Questions
3) Thematic Essay
Directions: This is to help you prepare for the Midterm. You should you use your Regents Review book, notes,
textbook to help you prepare. This will not be collected and is solely for your own use. Please see Ms. Squires with any
questions or concerns.
Constitutional Foundations for the United States Democratic Republic
The American Revolution
Causes/effects
Loyalists, Patriots
Common Sense- Pamphlet by Thomas Paine, it “common sense” to break away from Britain.
Declaration of Independence
The Enlightenment
Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu

Natural rights (life, liberty, property, social contract – if govt does not meet the needs of the people, people can
overthrow govt

Consent of the governed

Declaration of war

Short term and long term impact
 To what extent was 1763 a turning point in colonial America?
 Were the colonists justified in declaring and fighting for their independence?
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 The Declaration of Independence was a revolutionary document. Agree/disagree.
 Has the United States fulfilled the ideals of the Declaration of Independence?
Democratic Foundations
Greece- Direct Democracy- people have a say by voting
Rome- Representative Democracy- people vote for representative to express their ideas
Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights
Colonial Experiences
Virginia House of Burgesses- First representative democracy in colonies, colonial legislature
Connecticut Fundamental Orders- First written constitution that establishes a democratic government
Salutary Neglect
Colonial Mercantilism
“Taxation without representation”
Proclamation of 1763 ----------Revolution
Petition, protest, boycott, Boston Massacre, Tea Party, Revolution
Articles of Confederation
Strengths and weaknesses
Shays’ Rebellion - causes/effects
 To what extent did the Articles of Confederation provide an effective system of government for the new nation?
 Why was Shays's Rebellion significant?
The Constitution
Constitutional Convention - goals and compromises
Great Compromise
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3/5 Compromise
Presidency- Established the Electoral College
Tariff/ Commerce-Created interstate and intrastate trade
Preamble to the Constitution
Federalism
 Delegated powers – Article 1, Section 8
 Reserved powers – 10th amendment, powers reserved to the states ( education, driving,
marriage/divorce)
 Implied powers – elastic clause, stretches the power of Congress aka the “Necessary and Proper
Clause”
 Concurrent powers- Shared Powers ( taxes, enforcing laws)
Separation of power – What are the branches? What do they do?
Branch
Role
Key Player/ Body
Judicial
Executive
Legislative
Checks and balances – examples of how each branch checks up on the others
Roles of the president
Indirect election – Electoral College – how can it be reformed?
3
2000 election- Gore won the popular vote, but Bush won the Electoral vote.
Ratification of the Constitution
Federalists and the Anti-Federalists (arguments of each!!)
Strict construction v. Loose construction
Judicial review – The Supreme Court has the power to declare law/action unconstitutional.
Marbury v. Madison- Established Marbury v. Madison, increased the power of the Supreme Court
The Unwritten Constitution
Cabinet
Political parties
Bill of Rights
Why was it added to the Constitution?
Federalist v. Anti-federalist
What rights are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?
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Key Amendments
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6
2
8
4
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 What issues needed to be compromised at the Constitutional Convention? How did the issues reflect early sectionalism
in the United States?
 How did the Founders attempt to form a more perfect union? Analyze how the Constitution stregnthened and limited
the power of the federal government.
 To what extent is the Constitution relevant today?
Evaluate the arguments made for and against the ratification of the Constitution.
 Analyze the impact of the Marshall Court in US History.
 Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? How are the fundamental rights that are listed in the Bill of
Rights be applied in everyday situations?
 What are civil liberties? Why have people's rights periodically expanded and restricted?

How does the government balance the rights of individuals with the common good? When should freedom be
sacrificed for the common good?
 How does government both reflects society and shape society?
 Analyze the impact of the Supreme Court decisions throughout U.S. history.
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The Early Nation
George Washington
Proclamation of Neutrality
Farwell Address (warnings)- Against political parties, stay neutral in foreign affairs
Precedents – two terms ( later in the Constitution by the 22nd Amend), cabinet (group of advisors)
Early financial issues
The Assumption Plan- The Federal govt assumes the debt of all the states after the American Revolution and pays off
the debts ASAP. South was angry ( they already paid off most of their debt)
The National Bank – Created by Sect of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, a central place for the Govt’s money, place for
people to deposit their money, help the economy
Protective Tariffs
Whiskey Rebellion
Alien and Sedition Acts
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions- Law to nullify Federal laws ( unconstitutional).
National Bank
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supremacy Clause- The Constitution is the Supreme law of the land.
Elastic clause
Jefferson -- Louisiana Purchase
Background, Description, Results
Strict construction v. Loose construction
Lewis and Clark
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Monroe Doctrine, 1823- President Monroe declared that any involvement in the Western Hemisphere would be seen as a threat
to the peace and safety of the United States.
 Analyze George Washington's legacy in American history.
 Was the emergence of political parties in America inevitable? Have political parties been good for America?
Evaluate George Washington's foreign policy of neutrality.
 Hamilton's financial Plan set the new nation on the road to economic stability. Agree/Disagree.
 How did the competition for power between the federal government and state governments manifest itself in the new
nation?
Unwritten Constitution – custom and tradition
Two term presidency- Now part of the Constitution with the 22nd Amendment\
Political parties- Federalists and Republican
Judicial review- Created by Marbury vs. Madison, strengthened the power of the Judicial Branch
War of 1812 – US role in the world?
Market Revolution- From market to factory/industry.
Technological changes (and the effects of those changes)
Transportation developments (and the effects of those developments)
How did the US government encourage expansion?
End of Property requirement for voting -expands democracy ( allows more people to vote).
The election of 1828 -- Jackson – impact on politics – president of the common people?
Jacksonian Democracy
Spoils system- “to the victor goes the spoils”, giving jobs to loyal supporters, leads to civil service reform
Tariff issue – South Carolina – Nulllification Theory and Crisis
Veto of the Bank Charter – why?
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Pet banks- Small, corrupt banks
Cherokee – Assimilation
Indian Removal Act
Worcester v. Georgia- Ruled that the Cherokee are an independent nation ( the U.S. can not force them to leave the
land), Jackson ignored the ruling.
Trail of Tears
Settling the West – frontier --Manifest Destiny
How did the government promote westward expansion?
Early Reform Movements
Women
Cult of Domesticity – Changing roles in the early 19th c
Life at the Lowell Mills
Class Issues
Inequality – property, children, marriage, suffrage
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Lucy Stone
Seneca Falls 1848
Declaration of Sentiments- Modeled after the Declaration of Independence, gave women the right to vote and other rights
(ex: property)
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Mentally Ill – Dorothea Dix
African Americans –
Abolition- To get rid of slavery.
Missouri Compromise
Conditions of Slavery
Spirituals
Underground RR
Douglass, Garrison, Tubman, Jacobs (Incidents In the Live of a Slave Girl)
Emancipation- Freedom
Suffrage- Granting women the right to vote.
Women’s Movement and Abolition – split – why
 To what extent did the United States live up to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence by 1850?
 Evaluate the presidency or Andrew Jackson -- how should he be remembered in history?
 Analyze the treatment of Native Americans in the period prior to 1850. Be sure to discuss the Cherokee in particular.
 Analyze the impact of the Market Revolution in the first half of the 19th century especially with regard to the role of
women.
 Analyze the relationship between the growth of cotton mills in New England with the introduction of women and
children into the factory system.
 Why did the early 1850s give rise to the abolition, suffrage and temperance movements?
Evaluate the impact of early social reformers -- to what extent were they able to achieve their goals?
 Why was the Declaration of Sentiments, written in 1848, important?
 Why did Americans feel compelled to move westward in the 1800s? What beliefs and attitudes fueled American
Manifest Destiny?
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 Analyze the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans and women (and the nation as a whole).
 How did the US government promote westward expansion? Should westward expansion be considered foreign policy?
 To what extent did westward expansion fuel the growing sectional divide in the United States?
 How did the events of the 1850s (Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott, John Brown's Raid, Election
of Lincoln) contribute to the start of the Civil War?
 To what extent was the Civil War inevitable?
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Civil War
Sectionalism
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Law
Kansas Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
The Dred Scott case
Abolitionists
Tactics – Garrison, Brown, Tubman, Douglass, etc.
The election of Lincoln
Lincoln during the war
Suspension of Habeus Corpus
Ex Parte Milligan
Military funds
Emancipation Proclamation
Role of African Americans during the war
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