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Name_____________________ Date___________ US SC 11 Period________ US History and Government Midterm Review Sheet Date of Exam: Wednesday January 28 2015 7:40-9:50 am Materials needed: Please bring at least 2 sharpened pencils and 2 pens Exam format: 1) 50 multiple choice questions 2) Analyzing Document – Constructed Response Questions 3) Thematic Essay Directions: This is to help you prepare for the Midterm. You should you use your Regents Review book, notes, textbook to help you prepare. This will not be collected and is solely for your own use. Please see Ms. Squires with any questions or concerns. Constitutional Foundations for the United States Democratic Republic The American Revolution Causes/effects Loyalists, Patriots Common Sense- Pamphlet by Thomas Paine, it “common sense” to break away from Britain. Declaration of Independence The Enlightenment Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu Natural rights (life, liberty, property, social contract – if govt does not meet the needs of the people, people can overthrow govt Consent of the governed Declaration of war Short term and long term impact To what extent was 1763 a turning point in colonial America? Were the colonists justified in declaring and fighting for their independence? 1 The Declaration of Independence was a revolutionary document. Agree/disagree. Has the United States fulfilled the ideals of the Declaration of Independence? Democratic Foundations Greece- Direct Democracy- people have a say by voting Rome- Representative Democracy- people vote for representative to express their ideas Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights Colonial Experiences Virginia House of Burgesses- First representative democracy in colonies, colonial legislature Connecticut Fundamental Orders- First written constitution that establishes a democratic government Salutary Neglect Colonial Mercantilism “Taxation without representation” Proclamation of 1763 ----------Revolution Petition, protest, boycott, Boston Massacre, Tea Party, Revolution Articles of Confederation Strengths and weaknesses Shays’ Rebellion - causes/effects To what extent did the Articles of Confederation provide an effective system of government for the new nation? Why was Shays's Rebellion significant? The Constitution Constitutional Convention - goals and compromises Great Compromise 2 3/5 Compromise Presidency- Established the Electoral College Tariff/ Commerce-Created interstate and intrastate trade Preamble to the Constitution Federalism Delegated powers – Article 1, Section 8 Reserved powers – 10th amendment, powers reserved to the states ( education, driving, marriage/divorce) Implied powers – elastic clause, stretches the power of Congress aka the “Necessary and Proper Clause” Concurrent powers- Shared Powers ( taxes, enforcing laws) Separation of power – What are the branches? What do they do? Branch Role Key Player/ Body Judicial Executive Legislative Checks and balances – examples of how each branch checks up on the others Roles of the president Indirect election – Electoral College – how can it be reformed? 3 2000 election- Gore won the popular vote, but Bush won the Electoral vote. Ratification of the Constitution Federalists and the Anti-Federalists (arguments of each!!) Strict construction v. Loose construction Judicial review – The Supreme Court has the power to declare law/action unconstitutional. Marbury v. Madison- Established Marbury v. Madison, increased the power of the Supreme Court The Unwritten Constitution Cabinet Political parties Bill of Rights Why was it added to the Constitution? Federalist v. Anti-federalist What rights are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? 4 Key Amendments 1 6 2 8 4 5 What issues needed to be compromised at the Constitutional Convention? How did the issues reflect early sectionalism in the United States? How did the Founders attempt to form a more perfect union? Analyze how the Constitution stregnthened and limited the power of the federal government. To what extent is the Constitution relevant today? Evaluate the arguments made for and against the ratification of the Constitution. Analyze the impact of the Marshall Court in US History. Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? How are the fundamental rights that are listed in the Bill of Rights be applied in everyday situations? What are civil liberties? Why have people's rights periodically expanded and restricted? How does the government balance the rights of individuals with the common good? When should freedom be sacrificed for the common good? How does government both reflects society and shape society? Analyze the impact of the Supreme Court decisions throughout U.S. history. 5 The Early Nation George Washington Proclamation of Neutrality Farwell Address (warnings)- Against political parties, stay neutral in foreign affairs Precedents – two terms ( later in the Constitution by the 22nd Amend), cabinet (group of advisors) Early financial issues The Assumption Plan- The Federal govt assumes the debt of all the states after the American Revolution and pays off the debts ASAP. South was angry ( they already paid off most of their debt) The National Bank – Created by Sect of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, a central place for the Govt’s money, place for people to deposit their money, help the economy Protective Tariffs Whiskey Rebellion Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions- Law to nullify Federal laws ( unconstitutional). National Bank McCulloch v. Maryland Supremacy Clause- The Constitution is the Supreme law of the land. Elastic clause Jefferson -- Louisiana Purchase Background, Description, Results Strict construction v. Loose construction Lewis and Clark 6 Monroe Doctrine, 1823- President Monroe declared that any involvement in the Western Hemisphere would be seen as a threat to the peace and safety of the United States. Analyze George Washington's legacy in American history. Was the emergence of political parties in America inevitable? Have political parties been good for America? Evaluate George Washington's foreign policy of neutrality. Hamilton's financial Plan set the new nation on the road to economic stability. Agree/Disagree. How did the competition for power between the federal government and state governments manifest itself in the new nation? Unwritten Constitution – custom and tradition Two term presidency- Now part of the Constitution with the 22nd Amendment\ Political parties- Federalists and Republican Judicial review- Created by Marbury vs. Madison, strengthened the power of the Judicial Branch War of 1812 – US role in the world? Market Revolution- From market to factory/industry. Technological changes (and the effects of those changes) Transportation developments (and the effects of those developments) How did the US government encourage expansion? End of Property requirement for voting -expands democracy ( allows more people to vote). The election of 1828 -- Jackson – impact on politics – president of the common people? Jacksonian Democracy Spoils system- “to the victor goes the spoils”, giving jobs to loyal supporters, leads to civil service reform Tariff issue – South Carolina – Nulllification Theory and Crisis Veto of the Bank Charter – why? 7 Pet banks- Small, corrupt banks Cherokee – Assimilation Indian Removal Act Worcester v. Georgia- Ruled that the Cherokee are an independent nation ( the U.S. can not force them to leave the land), Jackson ignored the ruling. Trail of Tears Settling the West – frontier --Manifest Destiny How did the government promote westward expansion? Early Reform Movements Women Cult of Domesticity – Changing roles in the early 19th c Life at the Lowell Mills Class Issues Inequality – property, children, marriage, suffrage Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Lucy Stone Seneca Falls 1848 Declaration of Sentiments- Modeled after the Declaration of Independence, gave women the right to vote and other rights (ex: property) 8 Mentally Ill – Dorothea Dix African Americans – Abolition- To get rid of slavery. Missouri Compromise Conditions of Slavery Spirituals Underground RR Douglass, Garrison, Tubman, Jacobs (Incidents In the Live of a Slave Girl) Emancipation- Freedom Suffrage- Granting women the right to vote. Women’s Movement and Abolition – split – why To what extent did the United States live up to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence by 1850? Evaluate the presidency or Andrew Jackson -- how should he be remembered in history? Analyze the treatment of Native Americans in the period prior to 1850. Be sure to discuss the Cherokee in particular. Analyze the impact of the Market Revolution in the first half of the 19th century especially with regard to the role of women. Analyze the relationship between the growth of cotton mills in New England with the introduction of women and children into the factory system. Why did the early 1850s give rise to the abolition, suffrage and temperance movements? Evaluate the impact of early social reformers -- to what extent were they able to achieve their goals? Why was the Declaration of Sentiments, written in 1848, important? Why did Americans feel compelled to move westward in the 1800s? What beliefs and attitudes fueled American Manifest Destiny? 9 Analyze the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans and women (and the nation as a whole). How did the US government promote westward expansion? Should westward expansion be considered foreign policy? To what extent did westward expansion fuel the growing sectional divide in the United States? How did the events of the 1850s (Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott, John Brown's Raid, Election of Lincoln) contribute to the start of the Civil War? To what extent was the Civil War inevitable? 10 Civil War Sectionalism Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Law Kansas Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas The Dred Scott case Abolitionists Tactics – Garrison, Brown, Tubman, Douglass, etc. The election of Lincoln Lincoln during the war Suspension of Habeus Corpus Ex Parte Milligan Military funds Emancipation Proclamation Role of African Americans during the war 11